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Abstract
The modern Power Distribution Systems (PDS) operate more and more often with distributed generators and the optimal operation of the utility distribution systems has to take into account the possibility of bi-directional energy flows, although this event may only occur for some of the PDS. For this reason, the analysis methods that are usually employed to investigate the electrical behavior of the PDS can be more or less effective, depending on the typology of electrical loads connected to the line and on the presence or absence of Renewable Energy Sources (RES). This paper proposes either a methodology to select the best performing mathematical tool to investigate the electrical behavior of the PDS—depending on their linearity and stationarity—either an index to discriminate the PDS on the basis of a different amount of PV penetration. The proposed approach is applied to three real cases of PDS with different characteristics: residential and commercial, in the presence or absence of PV plants. In addition, two indices that are able to characterize the PDS in terms of periodicity and disturbance of the electrical signal are considered, specifically the phase coherence between two arbitrary signals and the phase coherence between an arbitrary signal and a reference one. The combined use of these indices can give valuable information about the degree of non-linearity and can be a measure of the PV penetration in a distribution circuit.
Highlights
Thanks to the availability of big data [1], which require advanced processing techniques [2], the strategies for planning, designing, management, and operating of electrical power systems have been deeply modified and the Smart Grids (SGs) represent the new paradigm
This paper proposes a methodology, based on Fast Fourier Transform (FFT), Wavelet Analysis (WA), HHT, and the Phase Coherence (PC), with the aim to support the Distribution System Operator (DSO) for the medium-term planning of the Power Distribution Systems (PDS) having or not the grid-connected PV plants
The case study is constituted by several real PDS, containing active and passive circuits
Summary
Thanks to the availability of big data [1], which require advanced processing techniques [2], the strategies for planning, designing, management, and operating of electrical power systems have been deeply modified and the Smart Grids (SGs) represent the new paradigm. A comprehensive review of the methods employed for the fault detection, classification and location in distribution systems is presented in [32], where the feature extraction is the core of the fault detection In this context, this paper proposes a methodology, based on Fast Fourier Transform (FFT), Wavelet Analysis (WA), HHT, and the Phase Coherence (PC), with the aim to support the Distribution System Operator (DSO) for the medium-term planning of the PDS having or not the grid-connected PV plants. The phase coherence index is calculated between two electrical signals of different PDS (with and without PV plants), in order to estimate the different penetration level of the PV power The monitoring of this value can be useful to prevent the major disturbances in distribution systems, as the voltage variation [33,34] and the harmonic distortion [35].
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