Phase angle values and ultra-processed food consumption are associated with changes in oxidative stress in inflammatory bowel disease patients

Abstract

Changes in dietary habits including increased intake of refined sugars and fats and decreased intake of fiber have been suggested as potential risk factors for the development of inflammatory bowel diseases (IBD). Bioelectrical impedance analysis-derived phase angle (PhA) has been gaining attention in the clinical evaluation of nutritional status. In this study, we for the first time investigated the relationship of PhA and ultra-processed food intake with oxidative stress, body composition and biochemical parameters in adult patients with IBD. Body composition and PhA were evaluated through electrical bioimpedance. Nitrite (Nox), myeloperoxidase (MPO), glutathione (GSH), malondialdehyde (MDA) and superoxide dismutase (SOD) levels were determined in both groups. Food consumption was obtained by a food frequency questionnaire (FFQ). In comparison with the control group, the IBD group had increased (p<0.05) concentrations of Nox (19.95±1.4 vs. 35.43±7.7μM), MDA (0.70±0.31 vs. 4.56±0.62nmol/L), and GSH (9.35±0.38 vs. 10.74±0.51mg NPSH/μL plasma). PhA was positively correlated with GSH (R2:0.22; p:0.02) and SOD (R2:0.25; p:0.01). IBD patients ingested higher amounts of ultra-processed foods (IBD:17.04±2.76 vs. Control:24.88±2.30%). However, IBD patients had better consumption of unprocessed or minimally processed foods (IBD:79.06±3.07 vs. Control:67.83±2.32%). We found a positive correlation between ultra-processed food consumption and MDA (R2 0.43; p:0.01). PhA may be a practical and effective measure in clinical follow-up of IBD patients, being associated with bilirubin levels and antioxidant enzymes. Also, we recommend evaluating consumption of ultra-processed foods, since this was related with increasing oxidative stress markers in clinical follow-up of IBD patients.