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Abstract
Entangled photons, an essential resource in quantum technology, are mostly generated in spontaneous processes, making it impossible to know if the quantum state is available for use; giving only a posteriori knowledge of the quantum state via destructive photon detection processes. There are schemes for heralding the generation of entangled photons but the heralding schemes developed to date only inform the generation of a predetermined quantum state with no capability of state control. Here, we report the phase and (probability-) amplitude controlled heralding, i.e., complete quantum state heralding, of multiphoton entangled states or N00N states. Since the phase and amplitude controls are inseparably integrated into the heralding mechanism, our scheme enables generation of N00N states with arbitrary phases and amplitudes. Such a flexible heralding scheme is expected to play important roles in various photonic quantum information applications.
Highlights
Entangled photons are a key resource in quantum communication, quantum computing, and quantum metrology
The most efficient and versatile schemes for generating entangled photons are based on nonlinear optical processes, such as, spontaneous parametric down conversion (SPDC) [5,6,7,8,9] and spontaneous four-wave mixing (SFWM) [10,11,12,13]
In this paper we report a heralding scheme for N00N states in which the phase and amplitude of the entangled state can be arbitrarily chosen
Summary
Entangled photons are a key resource in quantum communication, quantum computing, and quantum metrology. It is possible to herald the generation of entangled photons by using the detection of ancillary photons [14, 15]. The heralding schemes developed to date are limited in that they only herald the generation of a predetermined quantum state with no control over the state being heralded. Rather than heralding the presence of a predetermined quantum state, our scheme enables heralding of a complete quantum state, both phase and amplitude, of N00N states, which is made possible by inseparably integrating the phase and amplitude controls into the heralding mechanism itself. We experimentally demonstrate phase-controlled heralding of a two-photon N00N state and generalize the result to herald N-photon N00N states with different amplitudes and phases
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