Abstract
Phase-amplitude coupling (PAC) describes the phenomenon where the power of a high-frequency oscillation evolves with the phase of a low-frequency one. We propose a model that explains the emergence of PAC in two commonly-accepted architectures in the brain, namely, a high-frequency neural oscillation driven by an external low-frequency input and two interacting local oscillations with distinct, locally-generated frequencies. We further propose an interconnection structure for brain regions and demonstrate that low-frequency phase synchrony can integrate high-frequency activities regulated by local PAC and control the direction of information flow across distant regions.
Highlights
Oscillatory activity at multiple frequency bands is widely observed in many natural, biological, and technological systems
Brain signals recorded by various techniques, e.g., local field potential, electroencephalograph, and magnetoencephalograph, have revealed that phase-amplitude coupling (PAC) emerges in numerous brain regions, including auditory and prefrontal cortices [5], nucleus [6], and hippocampus [7], and plays a crucial role in motor functions [8] and cognitive processes such as working memory [9], attention [10], and learning [11]
We have focused on studying cross-frequency phase-amplitude coupling in neuronal networks
Summary
Oscillatory activity at multiple frequency bands is widely observed in many natural, biological, and technological systems. Inspired by previous studies showing that low-frequency oscillations are better suited for establishing long-distance interactions than high-frequency ones [12,33], we put forth an interconnection structure [see Fig. 1(d)] in which crossregion interactions exist only between slow populations. This structure underlies the integration of cross-frequency coupling with same-frequency phase synchronization and constitutes a building block that can be scaled to form large networks. We demonstrate the important role that long-distance same-frequency phase synchrony, together with regional PAC, plays in the coordination of high-frequency local activity and in information routing
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