Abstract
Tinnitus can vary widely with regard to pitch, loudness, description of sound, special localization, and temporal pattern. Tinnitus is sometimes the first sign of hearing loss in older people. It also can be a side effect of various medications (antibiotics, cancer drugs, quinine medications, antidepressants, aspirin) If the condition is left unattended for a prolonged period, it can also lead to psychological problems. Extensive reviews of randomized clinical trials have revealed that only nortriptyline, amitriptyline, alprazolam, clonazepam, and oxazepam are more beneficial than placebo.
Highlights
Tinnitus, originating from the Latin word ‘tinnire’ (‘to ring’), is a perception of sound in proximity to the head with the absence of an external source
Three main types can be identified: 1 objective tinnitus, which is caused by sounds generated somewhere in the body; subjective tinnitus, which is the perception of meaningless sounds without any physical sound being present; and auditory hallucinations, which are perceptions of meaningful sounds, such as music or speech
Tinnitus is acute if the patient has experienced it for less than 3 months and is considered sub-acute after 3 months
Summary
Tinnitus, originating from the Latin word ‘tinnire’ (‘to ring’), is a perception of sound in proximity to the head with the absence of an external source. Three main types can be identified: 1 objective tinnitus, which is caused by sounds generated somewhere in the body; subjective tinnitus, which is the perception of meaningless sounds without any physical sound being present; and auditory hallucinations, which are perceptions of meaningful sounds, such as music or speech. The latter two types are phantom sensations. These sounds are frequently pulsating and may be due to a vascular tumour such as a glomus tumour, or due to an anterior-venous fistula.
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