Abstract
It is estimated that 25% of the population will face the diagnosis of cancer during their lifetime. Less than a quarter of these patients will be cured solely by surgery and/or local radiation. Most of the remainder will receive systemic chemotherapy at some time during their illness. In a small fraction (approximately 10%) of patients with cancer, representing selected neoplasms, the chemotherapy will result in a cure or a prolonged remission. Thus, the overall five-year survival rate for cancer patients is about 65%, ranking cancer second only to cardiovascular disease as a cause of mortality. Anticancer treatment should be established and performed by the oncologist, depending on the type and stage of the tumor and the patient’s condition. It includes the association of pharmacological therapy (chemotherapy) with surgical treatment and/or radiotherapy or immunotherapy. The goal is curative (eradication of each neoplastic cell) or palliative (relieving symptoms and avoiding potentially lethal toxicity), when healing is not possible.
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