Abstract
Sennoside A (SA) is a natural dianthrone glycoside mainly from medicinal plants of Senna and Rhubarb, and used as a folk traditional irritant laxative and slimming health food. Accumulating evidences suggest that SA possesses numerous pharmacological properties, such as laxative, anti-obesity, hypoglycemic, hepatoprotective, anti-fibrotic, anti-inflammatory, anti-tumor, anti-bacterial, anti-fungal, anti-viral, and anti-neurodegenerative activities. These pharmacological effects lay the foundation for its potential application in treating a variety of diseases. However, numerous published studies suggest that a long-term use of SA in large doses may have some adverse effects, including the occurrence of melanosis coli and carcinogenesis of colon cancer, thereby limiting its clinical use. It remains to be established whether SA or its metabolites are responsible for the pharmacological and toxicity effects. In this review, the latest advances in the pharmacology, toxicology, and metabolism of SA were summarizedbased on its biological characteristics and mechanism.
Highlights
Sennosides, a class of natural anthraquinone derivative and dimeric glycosides, are main bioactive components from medicinal plants used for traditional herbal laxatives, such as Senna alexandrina Mill. (Senna) and Rheum Officinale Baill (Rhubarb)
Excessive hepatic fat accumulation is the main cause of nonalcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD), which gradually progresses to nonalcoholic steatohepatitis (NASH), liver fibrosis, and eventually results in liver cirrhosis and hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) (Roeb, 2021)
Our research suggested that Sennoside A (SA) (30 mg/kg) protected the liver mitochondrial structure and function by targeting the mitochondrial/VDAC1 Pathway, suggesting that VDAC1 inhibition might contribute to SAmediated mitochondrial protection in mice with HFDinduced hepatic steatosis (Le et al, 2018)
Summary
Sennosides, a class of natural anthraquinone derivative and dimeric glycosides, are main bioactive components from medicinal plants used for traditional herbal laxatives, such as Senna alexandrina Mill. (Senna) and Rheum Officinale Baill (Rhubarb). Sennosides, a class of natural anthraquinone derivative and dimeric glycosides, are main bioactive components from medicinal plants used for traditional herbal laxatives, such as Senna alexandrina Mill. Sennoside A and B (SA, SB) are the main purgative components, which were first isolated and identified from the leaves of Senna and attributed to the anthraquinone family by Stoll (Stoll et al, 1949). Other two pharmacologically active sennosides, including sennoside C and D (SC, SD), were isolated from the same plant senna (Lemli et al, 1981). SA, SB and SC have been isolated from Rhubarb (Zwaving, 1965; Miyamoto et al, 1967; Oshio et al, 1974). All sennosides displayed almost comparable purgative effects in a bioassay with mice, probably due to the structure similarity (Oshio et al, 1978).
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