Pharmacological intervention of biosynthesized Nigella sativa silver nanoparticles against hexavalent chromium induced toxicity in male albino mice

Research using ethanol extract from black cumin seeds aims to find out whether black cumin seed extract (Nigella sativa) can be effective in increasing the stamina of male mice. The research design used was a completely randomized design (RAL). The samples used were 24 male mice consisting of four treatments and six repetitions. The dosing treatment consisted of a normal control group (P0), 30 mg/kg weight (P1), 60 mg/kg weight (P2), and 120 mg/kg weight (P3). The swimming test method was used to determine the effect of increasing stamina on mice. Data on the swimming duration of mice were analyzed using the ANOVA test then continued using the Post Hoc Test, namely LSD. The average stamina of mice based on swimming duration was the highest, namely at a dose of 120 mg/kgW (P3). Administration of black cumin seed extract (Nigella sativa) at doses of 30 mg/kgBW, 60 mg/kgW, and 120 mg/kgW for 14 days provided effectiveness in increasing stamina in male white mice (Mus musculus) as indicated by an increase in the swimming duration of the mice in each treatment.AbstrakPenelitian menggunakan ekstrak etanol biji jinten hitam bertujuan untuk mengetahui apakah ekstrak biji jinten hitam (Nigella sativa) dapat berpengaruh terhadap peningkatan stamina mencit jantan. Rancangan penelitian yang digunakan ialah rancangan acak lengkap (RAL). Sampel yang digunakan sebanyak 24 ekor mencit jantan yang terdiri dari empat perlakuan dan enam pengulangan. Perlakuan pemberian dosis terdiri atas kelompok kontrol normal (P0), 30 mg/kgBB (P1), 60 mg/kgBB (P2), dan 120 mg/kgBB (P3). Metode swimming test digunakan untuk mengetahui efek peningkatan stamina terhadap mencit. Data durasi renang mencit dianalisis menggunakan uji ANOVA kemudian dilanjutkan menggunakan uji Post Hoc Test yaitu LSD. Rata-rata stamina mencit berdasarkan durasi renang yang paling tinggi yaitu pada dosis 120 mg/kgBB (P3). Pemberian ekstrak biji jinten hitam (Nigella sativa) pada dosis 30 mg/kgBB, 60 mg/kgBB, dan 120 mg/kgBB selama 14 hari dapat berpengaruh dalam peningkatan stamina pada mencit putih jantan (Mus musculus) ditandai meningkatnya durasi renang mencit dimasing-masing perlakuan.

Previous articleNext article No AccessBehavioral, Pituitary, and Adrenal Correlates of Controlled Fighting (Defeat) in MiceF. H. Bronson, and B. E. EleftheriouF. H. Bronson Search for more articles by this author , and B. E. Eleftheriou Search for more articles by this author PDFPDF PLUS Add to favoritesDownload CitationTrack CitationsPermissionsReprints Share onFacebookTwitterLinkedInRedditEmail SectionsMoreDetailsFiguresReferencesCited by Volume 38, Number 4Oct., 1965 Article DOIhttps://doi.org/10.1086/physzool.38.4.30152417 Views: 3Total views on this site Citations: 30Citations are reported from Crossref Journal History This article was published in Physiological Zoology (1928-1998), which is continued by Physiological and Biochemical Zoology (1999-present). Copyright 1965 University of ChicagoPDF download Crossref reports the following articles citing this article:Karen B. Firestone, Katrina V. Thompson, C. 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Phthalates, plasticizing chemicals, are top-rated environmental contaminants. Diethyl phthalate (DEP), a chief member of this family, was declared a potent endocrine disruptor and carcinogen in animals and humans. The current study was designed to explore the probable reproductive damage induced by DEP and the therapeutic efficacy of raw honey in male albino mice. Four-week-old 50 male mice were randomized equally in five groups, as control (C) received 0.1 ml distilled water; vehicle control (VC) received corn oil (0.1 ml/mouse); DEP (3mg/g/BW) dissolved in corn oil; honey control (HC) administered with honey (0.2 mg/g/day); and phthalate plus honey (P+H) administered with DEP and honey (3mg and 0.2 mg/g/BW/day respectively). Mice were treated through oral gavage for 54 days routinely, acclimatized for 6 days, and dissected. In the first instance, the antioxidant potential and total phenolic contents (TPC) of honey were analyzed through ferric reducing antioxidant power (FRAP) assay and Folin-Ciocalteu assay to confirm the antioxidant capacity of honey. The morphological, morphometric, histological, micrometric, sperm count, and hormonal analyses, and antioxidant capacity test in tissue homogenates were conducted by using tissues (testis, epididymis) and blood samples of mice. Mice exposed to DEP have a significant increase in body weight, LH level, and seminiferous tubule lumen diameter and decrease in the gonado-somatic index, testosterone level, sperm count, and seminiferous tubule diameter. Additionally, histopathology of testes showed interstitial space dilations, exfoliations, Leydig cell atrophy, germ cell degenerations, and spermatid retention in DEP-exposed testes sections. However, concomitant use of honey and DEP had shown a significant improvement in histopathological lesions, steroid hormone levels, and healthy sperm count. By these results, it is concluded that honey possessed antioxidant potential that can efficiently protect DEP-induced anomalies in male mice.

The study investigated the effects of acute systemic administration of monosodium glutamate (MSG) on novelty induced behaviours in male albino mice. The aim was to provide information on the neurobehavioural effects of a single i.p.(intraperitoneal) injection of MSG. Forty male swiss albino mice (age, 6 to 8 weeks; mean weight, 22.5 ± 2.5 g) were divided into four treatment groups (n = 10). Novelty induced behaviours that is horizontal locomotion (line crossing), rearing and grooming was carried out after intraperitoneal injection of varying doses of MSG (0.5, 1.0 and 1.5 m/kg) or its vehicle (normal saline). Each parameter was measured over a thirty minute period of ten minute intervals. Statistical analysis was carried out using a one way ANOVA followed by the Student-Newman-Keul’s test. Compared with the control mice, a single intraperitoneal injection of MSG significantly reduced locomotor and rearing activities as horizontal locomotion and rearing was found to be significantly lower at 1.5 mg/kg when compared to their respective controls; grooming showed an initial slight increase followed by a visual but progressive reduction. The study concluded that acute administration of monosodium glutamate has a retardant effect on novelty induced behaviors in male mice. Key words: Monosodium glutamate, novelty induced behaviours.

Background: Bisphenol-A [BPA, 2, 2-bis (hydroxyphenyl) propane] is widely used in the manufacture of polycarbonate plastic, water bottles, feeders , baby bottles, epoxy resins and inside coating in metallic food cans. Black seed oil (BSO) (Nigella sativa) commonly known as black cumin, reported to be beneficial in function of various systems in the body. The study was carried out to investigate the effect of BPA and BSO on body weight, lipid profile and serum glucose in male and female mice. Methods : A total of thirty (15 male and 15 female) Swiss Albino mice (Mus musculus), aged 25-28 days with an average body weight of 27.4±1g were randomly divided into 3 groups consisting 5 mice in each for each sex. Group A served as vehicle control. Group B was administered BPA @ 50 mg/kg bw daily, while group C received both BPA @ 50 mg/kg/day and BSO @ 1ml/kg/day respectively. Results: Data revealed that BPA treated mice showed slight increase in body weight gain while BSO controlled the weight gain in BPA treated mice. Cholesterol and LDL values were significantly (p<0.01) increased and Triglycerides value was significantly (p<0.01) decreased in BPA-treated mice without significant alterations in HDL value. BPA & BSO treated female mice showed significant (p<0.01) decreased in cholesterol, triglycerides and LDL values. BPA reduced the blood glucose level and addition of BSO had synergistic effects of glucose utilization. Conclusions: It can be concluded that BPA is one of the potential risk factors for hyperlipidemia and obesity. These harmful effects could be alleviated by the ingestion of black seed oil.

Background: Recently, there is a trend in the world to use natural products to attain wanted therapeutic effects and to avoid unwanted adverse effects. Probiotics are one of the most important of these natural products, which are friendly microbiota, can boost immunity and reduce inflammation and infection. Aims and Objectives: Therefore, we examined the protective effect of Nigella sativa (NS), gum arabic (GA), and Lactobacillus (LA) as a positive control against pathogenicity induced by Escherichia coli and Staphylococcus aureus infection in Wistar rats at microbiological and molecular levels. Materials and Methods: A total of 66 rats were used for this study and allocated into 11 groups. Rats were infected by either E. coli or S. aureus after administration of NS and/or GA for 2 weeks and continued for 7 days later. Another 2 groups infected by E. coli or S. aureus were administered LA as a positive control. Kidney, lung, and spleen were collected for the total bacterial count and molecular examination of immune cytokines and oxidative stress expression. Results: NS exerted a strongly antioxidant effect in E. coli and S. aureus infected rats as indicated by the upregulation in mRNA of superoxide dismutase (SOD) and glutathione peroxidase (GPX), whereas GA groups showed downregulation in SOD and GPX expression. NS normalized the inhibitory effect of GA when co-administered together. Immunomodulatory effect of NS and GA showed a clear response for Th-1 more than Th-2. NS significantly increased interferon-gamma (INF-γ) and inhibited interleukin-4 (IL-4) expression in E. coli infected group, while the combination of each gives the lowest results. In S. aureus infected rats, the NS extract upregulates the expression of IL-12 and GA downregulated IL-12 either alone or in combination with NS. The bacterial count per gram of organs significantly decreased in NS extract (P < 0.01), whereas increased significantly in GA and NS plus GA-treated groups compared to LA administered rats. Conclusion: NS possess strong and more antioxidant, immunomodulatory, and antibacterial properties than GA, which showed only an increase in Th-1 response INF-γ.

Creatine monohydrate (Cr) is a dietary supplement known to improve cognitive functions and has positive therapeutic results under various clinical conditions. The aim of this study was to determine the effect of 2 % Cr supplementation on learning, memory formation, neuromuscular coordination, exploratory and locomotory in male albino mice following hypoxic ischemic insult. At postnatal day, 10 male albino mice pups were subjected to right common carotid artery ligation followed by 8 % hypoxia for 25 min. On postnatal day 20, male mice were separated from the litter and divided into two groups on the basis of special diet supplementation. One group was supplemented with 2 % Cr in diet while the other group was raised on ordinary rodent chow for 8 weeks. Behavioral observations were made during rota rod, open field and Morris water maze test for both treatments. It was observed that supplementation with 2 % Cr for 8 weeks following neonatal brain damage resulted in enhanced muscular strength, neuromuscular coordination and improved body weight. In Morris water maze test, it was observed that Cr supplementation significantly improved mean swimming speed and mice on 2 % Cr diet covered more distance but the spatial memory was not improved significantly following hypoxia ischemia encephalopathy (HIE). Open field parameters and percentage of infarct volume remained unaffected following Cr supplementation. We concluded that 2 % dietary Cr supplementation has a potential to improve the muscle strength and body weight in male albino mice following (HIE) and should be considered for the treatment of neurological ailments.

Nigella sativa (NS) (Ranunculaceae) used as a protective and therapeutic traditional medicine. This study evaluates the effect of NS on inflammation-induced myocardial fibrosis, serum and tissue inflammatory markers, and oxidative stress status in male rats. Fifty male Wistar rats were divided into five groups: (1) control; (2) lipopolysaccharide (LPS), 1 mg/kg/day; (3) LPS + NS (hydroalcoholic extract), 100 mg/kg/day; (4) LPS + NS, 200 mg/kg/day; (5) LPS + NS, 400 mg/kg/day (n = 10 in each group). The duration of LPS administration was two weeks. At the end of the experiment, blood samples were taken and ventricles were homogenized and stained for histological evaluation. Serum nitrite levels were lower in LPS group than the control group (22.98 ± 1.03 vs 28.5 ± 0.93 μmol/L), in which they were significantly increased by NS treatment (P < 0.05). Higher levels of heart interlukine-6 (IL-6) and tumor necrosis factor-α (TNF-α) were observed in LPS group compared to the controls (IL-6: 6805 ± 656 vs 4733 ± 691 pg/mL; TNF-α: 6504 ± 501 vs 5309 ± 452 pg/mL), in which they were reduced by NS 400 mg/kg compared to LPS groups (P < 0.05). A significant increment of malondialdehyde and reduction in heart total thiol, superoxide dismutase and catalase concentrations were observed in LPS group (p < 0.05) which significantly restored with treatment by three doses of NS. Histopathological studies showed higher inflammatory cell infiltrates, cardiac fibrosis, and collagen deposition in LPS group, which were reduced by the administration of NS. Treatment by NS reduced myocardial fibrosis in inflammation-induced fibrosis, possibly through improving oxidative/anti-oxidative balance.

Objectives: Nigella sativa (NS), thymoquinone (TQ), and epigallocatechin-3-gallate (EGCG) are phytochemicals that might have antioxidant protective potentials on the hamster cheek pouch epithelium (HCPE). We aimed at evaluating and comparing the potential therapeutic outcomes of these 3 phytochemicals by analysis of peripheral white blood cells (WBCs) counts. Materials and Methods: NS whole oil, TQ and EGCG were administered before, with or after 7,12-dimethylbenza[a]anthracene (DMBA) painting the hamster left cheek pouch. Before sacrificing each animal, 2 ml of blood was withdrawn into a fine heparin-containing tube to estimate the total WBCs, lymphocytes, MID cells, and granulocytes counts by an automatic count system. All cheek pouches were surgically excised and examined with light microscope. Results: Severe epithelial dysplasia was evident after 6 weeks of DMBA administration, and when NS was given for 2 weeks followed by DMBA for 6 weeks. When NS or EGCG were given for 2 weeks then continued with DMBA for 6 weeks, mild dysplasia was seen. When DMBA was given for 6 weeks followed by NS or TQ for 6 weeks, mild dysplasia was noted. Administration of DMBA for 6 weeks resulted in significant reduction in total WBCs and lymphocytes counts compared to healthy controls. Administration of NS or TQ for 2 weeks resulted in significant elevation in lymphocytes count compared to healthy controls. Significant elevation in total WBCS and lymphocytes counts was noted when EGCG was given for 2 weeks and continued with DMBA for other 6 weeks. Similar results were noted when DMBA was given for 6 weeks followed by TQ for 6 weeks when compared to NS, DMBA or healthy controls. Discussion: The three phytochemicals showed different levels of protection against DMBA carcinogenic activity, more specifically, TQ and NS had higher therapeutic potential and might be used for treatment and/or preventive management of oral cancer in the future. Conclusion: However, further investigations are required to address the mechanism of action and feasibility of clinical application of each phytochemical.

The effects of an aqueous extract of Carica papaya seeds (20 mg/kg body weight/animal/day orally and 5 mg/kg body weight/animal/day i.m. for 60 days) were investigated for contraceptive efficacy and other related side effects in male albino mice, Mus musculus. The data revealed that the extract might be causing an androgen deprived effect to target organs resulting in alterations in the internal milieu of the cauda epididymis especially. The treatment did not, however, affect the testicular sperm count suggesting that it acted at the post‐testicular level which lead to a reduction of cauda epididymal sperm motility and thus the treatment brought about a significant reduction in fertility rate. The induced effects were transient and reversible upon withdrawal of the treatment, elucidating that functional sterility could be induced by the aqueous papaya seed extract in rodents.

The aim of this study was to evaluate lung histology and the levels of HIF-1α protein in response to the reduction in training volume for 14 and 21 days with Nigella sativa (NS) supplementation. 60 three-week-old male Wistar rats (68 ± 9 g) were divided into 6 groups after 6 weeks of incremental interval training (IIT); IIT control and IIT groups, 2 groups of 14-day taper (with and without NS) and, similarly, 2 groups of 21-day taper. After 6 weeks, NS seed ethanol extract was fed daily by gavages to NS groups at 500 mg/kg. Finally, animals were euthanized and their lungs were removed, weighed and fixed in 10 % formalin. By routine and standard paraffin embedding, lung samples were sectioned in 5 μm and stained with H&E and studied histologically. The level of HIF-1α was measured by ELISA kit. The results showed that the administration of NS and 21-day taper in the IIT exposed rats caused significant difference in lung weight and lung HIF-1α (p = 0.001, p = 0.001). But the interaction between groups and taper periods was not confirmed (p = 0.530). Lung histology in 21-day taper with NS was better than the other groups. The results showed that after IIT, 21-day reduction in training volume and the use of new strategies such as NS supplementation in this period can reduce HIF-1α higher amounts in the lungs, which may probably be due to the anti-inflammatory effects of the NS supplement. These agents can improve respiratory capacity for competition or severe activity after taper period.

Recent evidence suggests that Nigella sativa (NS) has an antiasthmatic (bronchodilatory) effect in the airways of asthmatic patients. Our objective was investigation of the hypothesis that NS supplementation reduces exercise-induced bronchoconstriction (EIB) in the maturing rat after high-intensity interval training (HIIT). Forty male Wistar rats (aged 3 weeks) participated in this study. The animals after 2-week adaptation were divided into three groups: Base, control HIIT, and HIIT (HIIT and NS group). HIIT group was performed on a treadmill (20 to 70 m/min, 30 min/day, 6 days/week). After 6 weeks HIIT, NS seed ethanol extract was fed by gavages to NS group 500 mg/kg for 3 weeks. Finally, animals were euthanized and their lung removed, weighted, and fixed in 10 % formalin. By routine and standard paraffin embedding, lung samples were sectioned in 5 μm and stained with H&E and studied histologically and histometrically. Massive inflammation and characteristics of lung remodeling including goblet cell hyperplasia, lymphocyte infiltration, and severe emphysema were observed in the lungs of HIIT-exposed rats. Administration of NS in the HIIT-exposed rats suppressed the inflammatory cell infiltration, goblet cell hyperplasia, and thickness tunica intima, tunica media, and tunica adventitia bronchi significantly. Administration of NS reduced the level of airway inflammation bronchi-induced asthma. The effect of NS on EIB is probably mediated by the reduce thicknesses intima, media, and adventitia and the number of goblet cells of the bronchi. Our findings suggest that NS might have useful implications in the treatment and future research into EIB.

Traumatic brain injury (TBI) is a change in brain function or evidence of brain pathology caused by external mechanical forces. Brain Derived Neurotrophic Factor (BDNF) is a neurotropin that functions as a neuron protective. Nigella sativa L is reported to have an antioxidant effect, administration of Nigella Sativa L to rats treated with ischemia-reperfusion brain injury. Propofol is an anesthetic agent frequently used intravenously in the management of TBI. The effect of propofol on brain tissue after TBI may be neuroprotective. We aimed to compare the potential of Nigella sativa L and propofol as neuroplasticity and neuroprotection in rats with TBI. This was a laboratory experimental animal model with the post-test only control group design, namely measuring the effect of treatment by comparing the five groups of rats consisting of 30 rats. BDNF levels in rat brain tissue were collected at day 7 of treatment and measured by ELISA. The average BDNF protein levels per group, namely G1 (221,243 pg/mL), G2 (172,139 pg/mL), G3 (255,483 pg/mL), G4 (227,089 pg/mL), and G5 (272,603 pg/mL) respectively. Based on the ANOVA statistic, p-value = 0.032 (there was a significant difference between groups), with the Levene Test (0.077) or having variance between the same groups, sequentially the difference in average BDNF protein levels of the five groups is G5>G3>G4>G1>G2, meaning that the combination of Nigella sativa and propofol has more potential to increase BDNF protein levels than Nigella sativa, and Nigella sativa has more potential than propofol. We concluded that both nigella sativa and propofol have the potential to increase BDNF protein levels. Nigella Sativa L had a better effect than propofol in repairing damaged neuron cells (neuroplasticity) and increasing BDNF protein levels (neuroprotection) for 7 days of administration in rat traumatic brain injury.

Background Traumatic brain injury (TBI) is a change in brain function or evidence of brain pathology caused by external mechanical forces. Brain Derived Neurotrophic Factor (BDNF) is a neurotropin that functions as a neuron protective. Nigella sativa L is reported to have an antioxidant effect, administration of Nigella Sativa L to rats treated with ischemia-reperfusion brain injury. Propofol is an anesthetic agent frequently used intravenously in the management of TBI. The effect of propofol on brain tissue after TBI may be neuroprotective. We aimed to compare the potential of Nigella sativa L and propofol as neuroplasticity and neuroprotection in rats with TBI. Methods This was a laboratory experimental animal model with the post-test only control group design, namely measuring the effect of treatment by comparing the five groups of rats consisting of 30 rats. BDNF levels in rat brain tissue were collected at day 7 of treatment and measured by ELISA. Results The average BDNF protein levels per group, namely G1 (221,243 pg/mL), G2 (172,139 pg/mL), G3 (255,483 pg/mL), G4 (227,089 pg/mL), and G5 (272,603 pg/mL) respectively. Based on the ANOVA statistic, p-value = 0.032 (there was a significant difference between groups), with the Levene Test (0.077) or having variance between the same groups, sequentially the difference in average BDNF protein levels of the five groups is G5&gt;G3&gt;G4&gt;G1&gt;G2, meaning that the combination of Nigella sativa and propofol has more potential to increase BDNF protein levels than Nigella sativa, and Nigella sativa has more potential than propofol. Conclusion We concluded that both nigella sativa and propofol have the potential to increase BDNF protein levels. Nigella Sativa L had a better effect than propofol in repairing damaged neuron cells (neuroplasticity) and increasing BDNF protein levels (neuroprotection) for 7 days of administration in rat traumatic brain injury.

Bisphenol-A (BPA) is an endocrine disruptor that is widely used in the manufacture of polycarbonate plastics, epoxy resins and dental sealants. It has adverse effects on reproduction. Black seed oil is frequently used as folk medicine for the promotion of good health and treatment of many ailments. The study was carried out to investigate the effect of Bisphenol-A (BPA) and black seed oil (BSO) on hematological parameters, hormone, sperm parameters and patho-physiological changes of testis in mice. A total of 15 male Swiss Albino mice (Mus musculus), of 25-28 days were used and randomly divided into 3 groups consisting 5 mice in each group. Group A served as vehicle control whereas group B and group C were as BPA and BPA plus BSO group respectively. Both BPA @ 50 mg/kg/day and BSO @ 1ml/kg/day were administered orally. Results revealed that BPA caused reduced hematological parameters (Hb, TEC, and PCV) in mice. Inclusion of BSO in BPA treated mice prevented the alterations of those values. Serum T4 and testosterone concentration were significantly (p [J Bangladesh Agril Univ 2021; 19(2.000): 223-229]