Abstract
Merremia vitifolia (Burm.f.) Hallier f., an ethnomedicinally important plant, used in the tribal areas to treat various ailments including fever, headache, eye inflammation, rheumatism, dysentery, jaundice and urinary diseases. The present study explored the biological efficacy of the aqueous fraction of M. vitifolia leaves (AFMV) through in vitro and in vivo experimental models. The thrombolytic and anti-arthritic effects of AFMV were evaluated by using the clot lysis technique and inhibition of protein denaturation technique, respectively. The anti-nociceptive activity of AFMV was investigated in Swiss Albino mice by acetic acid-induced writhing test and formalin-induced paw licking test. The antioxidant activities of AFMV, including 2,2-diphenyl-1-picrylhydrazyl (DPPH) free radical and total reducing power, were also tested. The qualitative phytochemical assays exhibited AFMV contains secondary metabolites such as alkaloid, carbohydrate, flavonoid, tannin, triterpenoids and phenols. In addition, AFMV showed strong antioxidant effects with the highest scavenging activity (IC50 146.61 µg/mL) and reducing power was increased with a dose-dependent manner. AFMV also revealed notable clot lysis effect and substantial anti-arthritic activity at higher doses (500 µg/mL) as compared with the control. The results demonstrated a promising reduction of the number of writhing and duration of paw licking in acetic acid-induced writhing test and formalin-induced paw licking test in a dose-dependent manner, respectively. In conclusion, AFMV provides the scientific basis of its folkloric usage, suggesting it as the vital source of dietary supplement.
Highlights
Natural product is known as a healthy source of life for all people, and plants and plant-based dietary supplements have been used due to their wide range of medicinal and nutritional values [1]
Recent research studies revealed that approximately 0.5–1% of people are globally suffered from rheumatoid arthritis, where women are affected more than men, women: men (3:1) [10]
There were no significant changes in the body weight, behavioural changes, stool frequency, water and food intake irregularity of toxicity and mortality were noted during this investigation
Summary
Natural product is known as a healthy source of life for all people, and plants and plant-based dietary supplements have been used due to their wide range of medicinal and nutritional values [1]. The activation of polymorphonuclear cells and macrophages enhanced O2 consumption with the release of toxic free radicals, which can damage joint and cartilage tissue that leads to triggers an inflammatory response and cytolysis [11]. This process can reduce antioxidant defence system (glutathione, superoxide dismutase and catalase) or increase in lipid peroxidation marker (such as malondialdehyde)
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