Abstract
Plicosepalus is an important genus of the Loranthaceae family, and it is a semiparasitic plant grown in Saudi Arabia, traditionally used as a cure for diabetes and cancer in human and for increasing lactation in cattle. A flavonoid quercetin (P1), (-)-catechin (P2), and a flavane gallate 2S,3R-3,3′,4′,5,7-pentahydroxyflavane-5-O-gallate (P3) were isolated from the methanol extract of the aerial parts of P. curviflorus (PCME). The PCME and the isolated compounds were subjected to pharmacological assays to estimate peroxisome proliferator-activated receptors PPARα and PPARγ agonistic, anti-inflammatory, cytotoxic, and antimicrobial activities. Results proved for the first time the dual PPAR activation effect of the PCME and catechin (P2), in addition to the promising anti-inflammatory activity of the flavonoid quercetin (P1). Interestingly, both PCME and isolated compounds showed potent antioxidant activities while no antimicrobial effect against certain microbial strains had been reported from the extract and the isolated compounds. Based on the pharmacological importance of these compounds, an HPTLC validated method was developed for the simultaneous estimation of these compounds in PCME. It was found to furnish a compact and sharp band of compounds P1, P2, and P3 at Rf = 0.34, 0.47, and 0.65, respectively, using dichloromethane, methanol, and formic acid (90 : 9.5 : 0.5, (v/v/v)) as the mobile phase. Compounds P1, P2, and P3 were found to be 11.06, 10.9, 6.96 μg/mg, respectively, in PCME. The proposed HPTLC method offers a sensitive, precise, and specific analytical tool for the quantification of quercetin, catechin, and flavane gallates in P. curviflorus.
Highlights
Flavonoids and flavane gallates are naturally occurring secondary metabolites in the plant species. ey present in good amounts in dietary supplements and functional food
In the traditional system of medicine, the stems were valued for cancer in Yemen [7, 8], while the leaves of the plant were reported for curing diabetes in Saudi Arabia [9]
The microliter syringe adjusted with the Automatic TLC Sampler-4 was used for spotting the samples and the extract on a HPTLC plate at a rate of 160 nL/sec. e plate was developed under certain condition using GAMAC Automated Developing Chamber-2 (ADC-2)
Summary
Flavonoids and flavane gallates are naturally occurring secondary metabolites in the plant species. ey present in good amounts in dietary supplements and functional food. Quercetin is one of the important bioflavonoids present in many ethnic plants. E flavane gallates, catechins, and their derivatives have attracted attention in terms of beneficial effects on human. In the traditional system of medicine, the stems were valued for cancer in Yemen [7, 8], while the leaves of the plant were reported for curing diabetes in Saudi Arabia [9]. Various phytochemical studies of crude leaves of P. curviflorus showed the presence of flavonoids, flavane gallates, sterols, and terpenoids [10]. In our previous phytochemical investigation on P. curviflorus growing in Saudi Arabia, we isolated the quercetin (P1), catechin (P2), and flavane gallate 2S, 3R-3,3′,4′,5,7-pentahydroxyflavane-5-Ogallate (P3) (Figure 1) from the aerial parts of the plant and proved their hypoglycemic effect [11]
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