Abstract
Rhus coriaria L. (Anacardiaceae), commonly known as sumac, is a commonly used spice, condiment, and flavoring agent, especially in the Mediterranean region. Owing to its bountiful beneficial values, sumac has been used in traditional medicine for the management and treatment of many ailments including hemorrhoids, wound healing, diarrhea, ulcer, and eye inflammation. This plant is rich in various classes of phytochemicals including flavonoids, tannins, polyphenolic compounds, organic acids, and many others. By virtue of its bioactive, Rhus coriaria possesses powerful antioxidant capacities that have ameliorative and therapeutic benefits for many common diseases including cardiovascular disease, diabetes, and cancer. This review describes the phytochemical properties of R. coriaria and then focuses on the potent antioxidant capacities of sumac. We then dissect the cellular and molecular mechanisms of sumac’s action in modulating many pathophysiological instigators. We show how accumulating evidence supports the antibacterial, antinociceptive, antidiabetic, cardioprotective, neuroprotective, and anticancer effects of this plant, especially that toxicity studies show that sumac is very safe to consume by humans and has little toxicity. Taken together, the findings we summarize here support the utilization of this plant as an attractive target for drug discovery.
Highlights
Rhus coriaria L., commonly known as sumac, is a Mediterranean plant that belongs to the Anacardiaceae family and is traditionally used as a spice and flavoring agent [1].It grows as a shrub with a height range of 3–4 m and has pinnate leaves arranged in pairs of 6 or 8 small leaflets, with a cluster of white flowers at terminal inflorescences (Figure 1A).The fruits are spherical and become reddish drupe when ripe (Figure 1B) [2]
It is noteworthy that Rhus coriaria extract did not show significant effect against the growth of beneficial bacteria [67]. All these data argue in favor of Rhus coriaria as a potential source of novel compounds that possess antibiofilm activity, and which could be used for oral health
Of patients suffering from this rather life-changing effect [134]. It appears that testicular weight, sperm count and viability, serum luteinizing hormone (LH), follicle-stimulating hormone (FSH), and testosterone levels are significantly lower in the diabetic mice [135]
Summary
Rhus coriaria L., commonly known as sumac, is a Mediterranean plant that belongs to the Anacardiaceae family and is traditionally used as a spice and flavoring agent [1]. In addition to its use as a culinary herb and tanning agent, Rhus coriaria has been used in Middle Eastern and South Asian countries, for thousands of years, as a traditional medicine for the treatment of several diseases including cancer [5,6,7]. Antioxidants 2021, 10, 73 agent, Rhus coriaria has been used in Middle Eastern and South Asian countries, for thousands of years, as a traditional medicine for the treatment of several diseases including cancer [5,6,7]. In addifruits liver weredisease used in[8], folks medicine to treat several illnesses liver disease [8], tion, the powdered fruits were used to stimulate perspiration and reduce cholesterol diarrhea [8,9,10], urinary system issues [8], and ulcers [11].
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