Abstract
Objective: The objective of this study is to assess the activity of Ulva lactuca polyphenols fraction in protecting the myocardial infarction induced by a high dose of isoproterenol.
 Methods: This study was carried out using Wistar albino rats divided into six groups. Group 1 was the normal group. Groups 2, 3, 4, 5, and 6 received isoproterenol (85 mg/kg) i.p. twice at an interval of 24 h on the 14th and 15th day. In addition to isoproterenol, Group 3 received verapamil (5 μmol/kg) as a single dose intravenously on the 14th day 10 min before isoproterenol and Groups 4, 5, and 6 received U. lactuca polyphenols fraction at the doses of 50, 100, and 200 mg/kg, respectively, for 14 days. On the 16th day, serum and heart samples were harvested from the animals and the cardioprotective and antioxidant activities were assessed by studying the levels of cardiac functional heart marker enzymes, lipid profile, reduced glutathione, and antioxidant enzymes.
 Results: U. lactuca polyphenols fraction, at the tested doses, restored the levels of all serum markers and enzymes (aspartate aminotransferase, alanine aminotransferase, creatine phosphokinase, lactate dehydrogenase, cholesterol, triglycerides, and reduced glutathione) and heart homogenate antioxidant markers (reduced glutathione, superoxide dismutase, catalase, and glutathione peroxidase) significantly, in dose-dependent manner.
 Conclusion: This study suggests that U. lactuca polyphenols fraction has a cardioprotective effect against isoproterenol-induced myocardial infarction and possess antioxidant activities.
Highlights
Cardiovascular diseases are presently one of the major causes of disability and mortality in both economically well-developed and developing countries [1]
Myocardium contains an abundant concentration of diagnostic marker enzymes of myocardial infarction and once metabolically damaged, it releases its contents into the extracellular fluid [31]
Isoproterenol is used to induce myocardial damage. It is a synthetic catecholamine and beta-adrenergic agonist, and has been found to cause a severe stress in the myocardium resulting in infarct like necrosis of the heart muscle cells and is well known to generate free radicals and stimulate lipid peroxidation, which may be a causative factor for irreversible damage to the myocardial membrane in experimental myocardial infarction [32]
Summary
Cardiovascular diseases are presently one of the major causes of disability and mortality in both economically well-developed and developing countries [1]. Cardiovascular diseases are the major cause of 17.1 million fatalities each year and it will reach up to 20 million in 2020 [2]. Isoprenaline, a synthetic catecholamine has a lethal effect on the myocardium. Available cardioprotective drugs have been associated with a number of side effects and are very costly. The World Health Organization (WHO) estimates that 80% of the total world’s population presently use medicines of herbal origin for primary health care [5]. The WHO has recommended the use of herbal medicines as an alternative medicine, especially in developing countries [6]
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