Abstract
Lichens are symbiotic organisms of fungi and algae or cyanobacteria. Their secondary metabolites are produced primarily by mycobiont and deposited on the lichen hyphae. These metabolites are derived from various metabolic pathways including acetyl-polymalonyl, mevalonic and shikimic acid pathways. Most of these compounds are relatively polar aromatic acids and phenolic-type compounds. Our research focused on the isolation of the secondary metabolites from Xanthoparmelia conspersa (Ehrh. ex Ach.) Hale lichen, which showed antibacterial, antiviral and cancer-chemopreventive activity. Our studies show that aqueous and organic solvent extracts of these lichens contain bioactive compounds such as usnic acid, hyposalazinic acid, stictic and norstictic acid, which explains their use in the traditional medicine
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