Pharmacokinetics of nimustine, cytosine arabinoside, and methotrexate in cerebrospinal fluid during cerebrospinal fluid perfusion chemotherapy.

Abstract

This report investigates the pharmacokinetics of nimustine (ACNU), cytosine arabinoside (Ara-C), and methotrexate (MTX) in cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) during CSF perfusion chemotherapy. A 47-year-old Japanese man with spinal cord, cerebellum and brain stem dissemination of oligo-astrocytoma received nine courses of CSF perfusion chemotherapy with ACNU, Ara-C, and MTX. A CSF perfusion chemotherapy solution was perfused via an Ommaya reservoir in the ventricle, and was discharged by drainage though another Ommaya reservoir in the lumbar spinal canal. CSF samples via Ommaya reservoirs in the lumbar spinal canal were obtained during the fifth and eighth courses of treatment. The concentrations of ACNU and Ara-C in CSF were measured by HPLC, and the MTX concentrations by fluorescence polarization immunoassay. In the fifth course of treatment, a CSF injection chemotherapy solution, consisting of 5 mg of ACNU dissolved in 20 ml of artificial CSF, was injected over a few minutes using the Ommaya reservoir. Next, a CSF perfusion chemotherapy solution, consisting of 10 mg of Ara-C and 5 mg of MTX dissolved in 100 ml of artificial CSF, was perfused over 2 h. In the eighth course of treatment, a CSF perfusion chemotherapy solution, consisting of 5 mg of ACNU, 10 mg of Ara-C and 5 mg of MTX dissolved in 100 ml of artificial CSF, was perfused over 2 h. In both treatments, the highest concentrations of Ara-C and MTX in CSF were observed 1 or 2 h after the end of perfusion, with the values of each drug being similar. The CSF AUCs of Ara-C and MTX in each treatment were of similar values. Although the highest concentration of ACNU in CSF was observed in the fifth treatment 1 h after injection (an injection chemotherapy of ACNU plus a perfusion chemotherapy of Ara-C and MTX), the concentration of ACNU in CSF was undetectable in the eighth treatment (a perfusion chemotherapy of ACNU, Ara-C and MTX). We were successful in administering all anticancer drugs, and reaching a level of over 1.0 microg/ml concentration in CSF of the lumbar spinal canal, using an injection chemotherapy of ACNU plus a perfusion chemotherapy of Ara-C and MTX; this was done even though the drugs, in particular ACNU, underwent some perfusion-period dependent decomposition.