Abstract
Marine organisms represent an excellent source of innovative compounds that have the potential for the development of new drugs. The pharmacokinetics of marine drugs has attracted increasing interest in recent decades due to its effective and potential contribution to the selection of rational dosage recommendations and the optimal use of the therapeutic arsenal. In general, pharmacokinetics studies how drugs change after administration via the processes of absorption, distribution, metabolism, and excretion (ADME). This review provides a summary of the pharmacokinetics studies of marine-derived active compounds, with a particular focus on their ADME. The pharmacokinetics of compounds derived from algae, crustaceans, sea cucumber, fungus, sea urchins, sponges, mollusks, tunicate, and bryozoan is discussed, and the pharmacokinetics data in human experiments are analyzed. In-depth characterization using pharmacokinetics is useful for obtaining information for understanding the molecular basis of pharmacological activity, for correct doses and treatment schemes selection, and for more effective drug application. Thus, an increase in pharmacokinetic research on marine-derived compounds is expected in the near future.
Highlights
Marine organisms represent an excellent source of innovative compounds, having tremendous potential for the development of new drugs
The pharmacokinetics of fucoidan (MW = 735 kDa) from Fucus vesiculosus was investigated in rats after peroral administration, i/v injection, and transdermal application at the dose of 100 mg/kg
The experiments on mice i/p injected with fluorescein isothiocyanate (FITC)-labeled chitosan (7) showed that it should undergo enzymatical degradation in body fluids or tissues because at one hour after injection, it was practically not detected in the blood
Summary
Marine organisms represent an excellent source of innovative compounds, having tremendous potential for the development of new drugs. Recent years have been marked by rapid growth in the discovery of new marine-derived molecules and in the study of their pharmacological activity. A relatively low number of active molecules have been subject to extensive pre-clinical studies, and pharmacokinetic data have been provided for the limited number of candidates. Pharmacokinetics studies how a drug changes after administration via the processes of absorption, distribution, metabolism, and excretion (ADME) [24]. This review provides a concise summary of the pharmacokinetic studies of marine-derived active compounds, with a particular focus on their ADME
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