Abstract
Maleic acid has been shown to be used as a food adulterant in the production of modified starch by the Taiwan Food and Drug Administration. Due to the potential toxicity of maleic acid to the kidneys, this study aimed to develop an analytical method to investigate the pharmacokinetics of maleic acid in rat blood and kidney cortex. Multiple microdialysis probes were simultaneously inserted into the jugular vein and the kidney cortex for sampling after maleic acid administration (10 or 30 mg/kg, i.v., respectively). The pharmacokinetic results demonstrated that maleic acid produced a linear pharmacokinetic phenomenon within the doses of 10 and 30 mg/kg. The area under concentration versus time curve (AUC) of the maleic acid in kidney cortex was 5-fold higher than that in the blood after maleic acid administration (10 and 30 mg/kg, i.v., respectively), indicating that greater accumulation of maleic acid occurred in the rat kidney.
Highlights
Maleic acid and maleic anhydride are multi-functional chemical intermediates with many industrial applications such as a fragrance ingredient, pH adjuster in cosmetics, and food contact materials
Due to the potential toxicity of maleic acid to the kidneys, the aim of the present study is to develop an analytical method to simultaneously investigate the pharmacokinetics of maleic acid in rat blood and kidney dialysates using microdialysis sampling combined with an high-performance liquid chromatography (HPLC)-photodiode array (PDA) detector method
The selectivity was tested by chromatography of the blank dialysate samples spiked with the maleic acid standards
Summary
Maleic acid and maleic anhydride are multi-functional chemical intermediates with many industrial applications such as a fragrance ingredient, pH adjuster in cosmetics, and food contact materials. As a pH adjuster, maleic acid is used in a few cosmetic product formulations at low concentrations. Maleic acid is used in manufacturing artificial resins, dyeing and finishing wools, cottons, and silks; and in antihistamine salts. It may be used as an adhesive on articles intended for use in packing, transporting, or holding food [1]. The Taiwan Food and Drug Administration recently found that maleic acid was being used as an adulterant in starch without approval for the production of modified starch
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