Abstract
There is limited investigation of neonatal foal pharmacokinetic parameters for the antimicrobial combination of sulfadiazine (SDZ) and trimethoprim (TMP). Neonatal pharmacokinetic investigation of the sulfadiazine-trimethoprim combination is required to ensure safe and effective utilization in this population. The purpose of this study was to determine the pharmacokinetics of sulfadiazine-trimethoprim in five healthy neonatal foals with oral administration at 24mg/kg every 12hr (hrs) for 10days. Blood samples were collected at serial time points at approximately 72hr of age (steady-state) and at days 5 and 10 to monitor the influence of age within the neonatal period. Pharmacokinetic parameters were determined using a one-compartment model analysis, and mean±SD was calculated. Cmax was 37.8±13.4μg/ml (SDZ) and 1.92±0.25μg/ml (TMP). Tmax was 1.4±0.6hr (SDZ) and 1.4±0.4hr (TMP). Cmin for SDZ and TMP was 16.84±8.46μg/ml and 0.46±0.24μg/ml, respectively. Elimination half-life was 10.8±6.1hr (SDZ) and 6.5±2hr (TMP). AUC0 → ∞ was 667±424μg×hr/ml (SDZ) and 21.1±5.3μg×hr/ml (TMP). Foals remained healthy, and the plasma concentration of sulfadiazine-trimethoprim reached levels above MIC(90) for Streptococcus equi ssp. (SDZ/TMP): 9.5/0.5μg/ml).
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