Abstract
Up regulation of cell cycle-regulating and DNA repair genes appears to have a negative impact on recurrence-free survival in patients with papillary thyroid cancer. Furthermore, recurrence is associated with thyroid dedifferentiation. Most cases address local applications or diseases in the filtering organs, reflecting remaining challenges in systemic delivery of siRNA. Small Interfering RNA (siRNA) is a promising drug candidate, expected to have broad therapeutic potentials toward various diseases including viral infections and cancer. With recent advances in bio conjugate chemistry and carrier technology, several siRNA-based drugs have advanced to clinical trials. The difficulty in siRNA delivery is in large part due to poor circulation stability and unfavorable pharmacokinetics and bio distribution profiles of siRNA. In this research we describe the pharmacokinetics and bio distribution of siRNA Nano medicines, focusing on those reported in the past 5 years, and their pharmacological effects in selected disease models such as hepatocellular carcinoma, liver infections, and respiratory diseases. The examples discussed here will provide an insight into the current status of the art and unmet needs in siRNA delivery.
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