Pharmacokinetic Study of Methotrexate Following Intra-Articular Injection of Methotrexate Loaded Poly(L-Lactic Acid) Microspheres in Rabbits

Abstract

The pharmacokinetics and tissue distribution of methotrexate (MTX) were investigated following intra-articular injection of either MTX solution or controlled release MTX loaded microspheres in healthy rabbit joints. MTX solution or MTX loaded microspheres (size 30-100 mum) (10 mg MTX) was injected into the right knee joint cavity of rabbits. Blood samples were taken at predetermined times from the jugular vein. Urine samples were also collected over time periods up to 24 h. The major organs and synovial tissues were removed for analysis 6 and 24 h post-injection (n = 4). MTX and 7-OH-MTX concentrations in the plasma and major organs were determined by HPLC. The MTX plasma area under the concentration-time curve (AUC) for rabbits injected with MTX solution was seven fold higher than that of the rabbits injected with MTX microspheres, while t(1/2) and mean residence time (MRT) were not significantly different between two treatment groups. Four fold more MTX was excreted in the urine from rabbits injected with MTX solution compared to those injected with MTX loaded microspheres 24 h following intra-articular injection. The concentration of MTX in the synovial tissues following intra-articular injection was significantly higher in the rabbits injected with microspheres than in the rabbits injected with MTX solution. MTX solution was rapidly cleared from the joint cavity while MTX encapsulated microspheres retained MTX in the joint cavity.