Abstract
Controlled ovarian hyperstimulation is a key step for successful outcomes of assisted reproductive technique cycle outcomes. Many medications are available, which are commonly useed solely or in combination to achieve multiple follicular development. Pharmacokinetic, pharmacodynamic, and clinical information of ovulation induction drugs deserve to be elucidated for every individual patient before commencing infertility treatment. New concepts and new treatment protocols are introduced as ovulation physiology is understood by infertility specialists. Increasing treatment success by minimizing aderse effects is a milestone of all ovarian stimulation protocols that use these novel interventions. Achievement of a satisfactory cycle outcome includes retrieval of sufficient oocytes, a single clinical pregnancy, and avoidance of ovarian hyperstimulation syndrome. In this review, we evaluate the current literature to determine the most reliable and relevant information about the most used ovulation induction drugs.
Highlights
Pharmacokinetics is the study of drug metabolism in the body according to the rates of three processes: absorption, distribution, and elimination
Pharmacodynamics is the study of the mechanism of action by which drugs exert their pharmacologic effects; the binding of a drug to its target receptor or enzyme followed by a signal transduction pathway by which the receptor activates second messenger molecules, and the description of intracellular processes altered by the impact of the drug are components of the pharmacokinetics
Ovulation induction treatment accompanied by artificial insemination or assisted reproduction are commonly used in infertile women
Summary
Pharmacokinetics is the study of drug metabolism in the body according to the rates of three processes: absorption, distribution, and elimination. Pharmacodynamics is the study of the mechanism of action by which drugs exert their pharmacologic effects; the binding of a drug to its target receptor or enzyme followed by a signal transduction pathway by which the receptor activates second messenger molecules, and the description of intracellular processes altered by the impact of the drug are components of the pharmacokinetics. Pharmacogenetics and pharmacogenomics are the study of the role of genetic inheritance in individual variation to drug response. Ovulation induction treatment accompanied by artificial insemination or assisted reproduction are commonly used in infertile women. Pharmacokinetic, pharmacodynamic, and pharmacogenetic aspects of commonly used infertility drugs should be known to improve cycle outcomes. We aimed to discuss these clinical issues by evaluation of the current published literature regarding ovulation induction agents. The ovulation induction agents that are commonly used during infertility treatment are shown in the Table 1
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