Abstract
This study on Acer campestre L. subsp. campestre, used traditionally in treatments of various inflammation disorders, especially hemorrhoids and rheumatism, aimed to determine the total phenolic contents, the antioxidant and antimicrobial potentials, and the chemical composition profile of the extracts and subextracts from maple syrup and Acer campestre L. subsp. campestre leaves and twigs. The antioxidant activities of maple syrup extracts and subextracts were examined by 2,2-diphenyl-1-picryl-hydrazyl (DPPH), and the total phenolic contents of all samples were determined using the Folin-Ciocalteu reagent (FCR) method. Also, they were tested for their antimicrobial activities by microbroth dilution technique. Catechic tannin, saponins and flavonoids are determined in its leaves and twigs by preliminary qualitative phytochemical analysis. The alcoholic extracts obtained by 48-hour maceration (91.2%), ethyl acetate subextract of alcohol extracts obtained by 24-hour maceration (91.1%) and alcohol extracts obtained by 24-hour maceration (88.8%) exhibited higher radical scavenging activity than other samples, while the decoction and infusion had moderate activities. Beside of this, it was found that the syrup and its subextracts have more total phenolic contents than other extracts. The alcohol extracts obtained by 24-hour maceration and by 48-hour maceration exhibited higher activity against Candida albicans (78 μg/mL and 156 μg/mL, respectively). Only the alcohol extract obtained by 48-hour maceration and ethyl acetate subextract of syrup showed an activity against Escherichia coli, while all samples except butanol subextract of syrup have an antibacterial activity against Pseudomonas aeruginosa.
Highlights
Oxygen-derived free radicals have a major role in the development of oxidative stress and may cause various chronic and degenerative diseases such as coronary heart disease, stroke, inflammatory diseases, aging, cancer and diabetes mellitus
The alcoholic extracts obtained by 48-hour maceration (91.2%), ethyl acetate subextract of alcohol extracts obtained by 24-hour maceration (91.1%) and alcohol extracts obtained by 24-hour maceration (88.8%) exhibited higher radical scavenging activity than other samples, while the decoction and infusion had moderate activities
The alcohol extract obtained by 48-hour maceration and ethyl acetate subextract of syrup showed an activity against Escherichia coli, while all samples except butanol subextract of syrup have an antibacterial activity against Pseudomonas aeruginosa
Summary
Sen-Utsukarci, Bal, Gurdal, Bardakci, Yilmaz & Dosler implicated in the activation of nuclear factor kB, which induces the transcription of inflammatory cytokines and cyclo-oxygenase 2. Campestre (ACC), used traditionally in various inflammatory diseases especially hemorrhoids and rheumatism in Turkey, and the antioxidant activity, total phenolic content and antimicrobial activity of various extracts obtained from the leaves and twigs of ACC and of the maple syrup and its subextracts were investigated. Preliminary Qualitative Phytochemical Analysis The infusions were prepared from 5 g of air-dried and powdered plant part with 100mL boiled water in 30 min. 1st step - Ferric Chloride Test: Over 10mL infusion, 3 drops FeCl3 (5%) was added It has been observed whether blue-black colour (gallic tannin) or dark olive green (catechic tannin) has occurred. 1 g of air-dried and powdered plant part was extracted with 10mL H2SO4 solution (3%) in hot water All samples were applied to the microplates by DPPH method and Folin-Ciocalteu reagent (FCR) method, as shown in Figure 1 and Table 1
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