Abstract
Objective: The leaves of Biraskala have been reported for its ethnomedicinal claims for the management of aphthae, heart pain, menorrhagia and post-partum problem. Botanically it has been identified as Dalbergia volubilis Roxb. This research article overcomes the lacuna and explores the anatomical, Deoxyribonucleic acid (DNA) barcoding and preliminary phytochemical analysis including High Performance Thin Layer Chromatography (HPTLC).Methods: After proper authentication, leaves were exposed to macroscopy, microscopy and micrometric analysis and physicochemical, qualitative, quantitative and HPTLC study as per of Ayurvedic Pharmacopoeia of India (API). DNA barcoding of the fresh tender leaves samples were carried out following standard methods.Results: Macroscopically leaves are compound, unipinnate, imparipinnate, rachis base pulvinus, leaflets 11-13. Microscopy of T. S. of rachis resembles anatomical structure of stem. Schematic outline of T. S. of petiolule is circular in shape with single layer epidermis is followed by ground tissue and centrally located vascular bundle. Schematic outline of T. S. of leaflet is bulged in the center and the extending arms of lamina are linear. Surface study reveals stomatal index to be 33.33. The genetic barcoding confirms the species D. volubilis. Loss on drying was found to be 8.78±0.57. HPTLC results shows 6 peaks and 7 peaks at 254 and 366 nm.Conclusion: D. volubilis, is a woody climbing unarmed inland shrub with stipules modified into hook and imparipinnately unipinnate compound leaves, are the key field identification character of the plant. Typical microscopical characteristic are presence of solitary crystal mostly embedded in sheath surrounding the vascular bundle and paracyctic type of stomata.
Highlights
Medicinal plants used by traditional healers but not recorded in classical texts of Ayurveda are designated as Namatah Anukta dravya or extra-pharmacopoeial plants [1]
S. of rachis shows single layered epidermis covered with cuticle followed by 4-6 layers of cortical cells containing chlorophyll content, continuous ring of pericyclic fibers is followed by single layer endodermis and radially arranged circular vascular bundle with central wide pith
Vascular bundle consist of phloem situated above xylem, prismatic crystals are embedded in phloem
Summary
Medicinal plants used by traditional healers but not recorded in classical texts of Ayurveda are designated as Namatah Anukta dravya or extra-pharmacopoeial plants [1]. One of such folk plant is Biraskala, used by Tribals of Odisha. The leaves of this plant are used in aphthae [2] and in heart pain, menorrhagia and post-partum problem [3]. D. volubilis is woody climbing unarmed inland shrub with pinnatified leaves, leaflets ranging from 7-13 and pale blue flowers [4, 5]. Review of literature reveals that few work has been reported on Dalbergia genus which includes review on chemical constituents, ethanobotanical claims, pharmacology, biological activities [6, 7], Genetic barcoding of various other species of genus Dalbergia [8], pharmacognostical, phytochemical parameters of leaves of Dalbergia sissoo L [9] and anti-diabetic activity [10] has been reported
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