Abstract
Aim: Standardization of Ocimum basilicum through pharmacognosy.
 Place and Duration of Study: Department of Plant Biology and Plant Biotechnology, Ethiraj College for Women, Chennai “Between” Dec 2014-April 15.
 Methodology: Organoleptic evaluation was carried out based on sensory characters. A free hand anatomical section of the stem was observed. Powder analysis, maceration, Phytochemical test and Fluorescence analysis were conducted according to standard protocol.
 Results: The organoleptic characters of the dried leaves of Ocimum basilicum were green, aromatic, pungent and brittle in texture with anomocytic stomata with stomatal index 71.87% in the lower epidermis. A prominent bundle sheath in the leaf was evident. The macerated stem showed annular xylem vessels. The aqueous extract showed the presence of alkaloids, phenols, flavonoids, steroids, terpenoids, and glycosides. Alkaloids and lignins were evident in the histochemical study.
 Conclusion: Pharmacognostic evaluation of Ocimum basilicum would help in identification, detection of adulterants and development of a monograph.
Highlights
Herbal drugs have been used in Ayurveda,Siddha and Unani healing systems since ancient times
There is a need for documentation of research work carried out on traditional medicines [2]
It becomes extremely important to make an effort towards standardization of medicinal plant
Summary
Herbal drugs have been used in Ayurveda ,Siddha and Unani healing systems since ancient times. According to WHO 80% of the world population depend on the herbal drugs for health care. Ancient Indian literature incorporates a remarkably broad definition of medicinal plants and considers all plants parts to be potential source of medicinal substances [1]. There is a need for documentation of research work carried out on traditional medicines [2]. With this back drop, it becomes extremely important to make an effort towards standardization of medicinal plant. Pharmacognostic study is potential tool to standardize crude drugs. Pharmacognostic evaluation gives valuable details of the crude drug and determines the safety and efficacy
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