Abstract
Pharmacogenetics is an emerging discipline that attempted to understand the hereditary basis for differences in responsiveness or inter-individual variation to therapeutic agents. It is the study of variability in drug response as a result of heredity factors. The importance for pharmacogenetics for the clinician is to enable optimum therapeutic efficacy, to avoid toxicity of those drugs whose metabolism is catalyzed by polymorphic isoenzymes, and to contribute to the rational design of new drugs.
Highlights
A drug may work well in one person, but poorly or not at all in another
Oxidation plays very important role in metabolism for many drugs which is catalysed by the oxidase system and it comprises of cytochrome P450 (CYP) enzymes [2,3]
The cytochrome P450 enzymes activity can be measured by administration of a probe drug, and it is metabolized by the CYP enzyme under study, followed by measurement of the metabolic ratio
Summary
One person may tolerate a drug well, whereas another develops side effects This fact is as well known as it is unfortunate. Environmental factors, chance and above all the small differences in our genomes make each of us unique It has been known for some time that the efficacy and tolerability of drugs vary from one person to the next. Our uniqueness is reflected in our body’s response to drugs Future drugs, it is hoped, will be better adapted to our genetic diversity and dissimilar life circumstances and will be more efficient, more specific and safer. It is hoped, will be better adapted to our genetic diversity and dissimilar life circumstances and will be more efficient, more specific and safer They will be supported by a battery of fast, simple genetic tests that will enable doctors to select the right drug for their patients’ specific needs. Pharmacogenetics plays an important role in genetic variations which is responsible to cause a variable drug response and includes the genetic polymorphism of drug transporters, drug metabolizing enzymes, and drug receptors
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