Pharmaceutical Interventions on Hospital Discharge Prescriptions: Prospective Observational Study Highlighting Challenges for Community Pharmacists.

Abstract

BackgroundTransition between hospital and ambulatory care is a delicate step involving several healthcare professionals and presenting a considerable risk of drug-related problems.ObjectiveTo investigate pharmaceutical interventions made on hospital discharge prescriptions by community pharmacists.MethodThis observational, prospective study took place in 14 community pharmacies around a Swiss acute care hospital. We recruited patients with discharge prescriptions (minimum three drugs) from the internal medicine ward of the hospital. The main outcome measures were: number and type of pharmaceutical interventions made by community pharmacists, time spent on discharge prescriptions, number of medication changes during the transition of care.ResultsThe study included 64 patients discharged from the hospital. Community pharmacists made a total of 439 interventions; a mean of 6.9 ± 3.5 (range 1–16) interventions per patient. All of the discharge prescriptions required pharmaceutical intervention, and 61 (95%) necessitated a telephone call to the patients’ hospital physician for clarifications. The most frequent interventions were: confirming voluntary omission of a drug (31.7%), treatment substitution (20.5%), dose adjustment (16.9%), and substitution for reimbursement issues (8.8%). Roughly half (52%) of all discharge prescriptions required 10–20 min for pharmaceutical validation. The mean number of medication changes per patient was 16.4: 9.6 changes between hospital admission and discharge, 2.6 between hospital discharge and community pharmacy, and 4.2 between community pharmacy and a general practitioner’s appointment.ConclusionHospital discharge prescriptions are complex and present a significant risk of medication errors. Community pharmacists play a key role in preventing and identifying drug-related problems.