Pharmaceutical consultation as a tool to improve health outcomes for patients with type 2 diabetes

Arnaldo Zubioli,Maria Angélica Rafaini Covas Pereira Da Silva Silva,Raquel Soares Tasca,Roberto Barbosa Bazotte,Rui Curi

doi:10.1590/s1984-82502013000100010

Arnaldo Zubioli, Maria Angélica Rafaini Covas Pereira Da Silva Silva + Show 3 more

Open Access

https://doi.org/10.1590/s1984-82502013000100010

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Abstract

This study develops and evaluates a pharmaceutical consultation program (PCP) to improve treatment for Type 2 diabetes patients (T2DP) and reduce risk factors for diabetic complications with possible application in other chronic diseases. We recruited T2DP receiving conventional medical treatment but with fasting glycemia >140mg/dl and/or glycated hemoglobin >7%. The PCP includes strategies obtained from Dader's method, the PWDT (Pharmacist's Workup of Drug Therapy method) model of pharmaceutical care, the SOAP (Subjective data, Objective data, Assessment, and Plan of care) method, and concepts based on a nursing care model. The PCP evaluated lifestyle, pharmacotherapy and monitoring it using laboratory tests, vital signs, and anthropometry. These procedures were repeated every 4 months for 1 year. Data obtained in each consultation were used to provide patient education focusing on healthy lifestyles and medications. Fifty patients completed the PCP. There were reductions in glycemia (P<0.0001), glycated hemoglobin (P=0.0022), cholesterolemia (P=0.0072), triacylglycerolemia (P=0.0204) and blood pressure (P<0.0001). Increased concordance with drug treatment and correction of drug-related problems contributed to improved treatment. We can therefore conclude that our PCP was suitable for improving health outcomes in T2DP by reducing risk factors for diabetic complications.

Highlights

Type 2 diabetes (T2D) has reached epidemic proportions in Brazil (Silva et al, 2004; Bahia et al, 2011)
It must be considered that the fundamental goal of the community pharmacy is to provide suitable pharmaceutical care to each patient, Brazilian pharmacists are increasingly inundated with administrative responsibilities, leaving them less time to devote to direct patient care (Castro, De Castro, Correr, 2007)
We developed and evaluated a pharmaceutical consultation program (PCP) to improve Type 2 diabetes patients (T2DP) treatment and reduce the risk factors for diabetes complications with the possibility of applying it to other chronic diseases

Summary

Introduction

Type 2 diabetes (T2D) has reached epidemic proportions in Brazil (Silva et al, 2004; Bahia et al, 2011) For this reason, we adopted T2D as a model of disease where the pharmacist could help improve standard medical care (Silva, Bazotte, 2011; Zubioli et al, 2011). Our challenge is to establish a new pharmacy community in our country where the pharmacist acts as a provider of health services helping to prevent disease and promote health For this purpose, we developed and evaluated a PCP to improve T2DP treatment and reduce the risk factors for diabetes complications with the possibility of applying it to other chronic diseases

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Results

Conclusion