Phantom Tumors in COVID-19: A Case Report

Abstract

Introduction: A phantom tumor, or vanishing lung pseudotumor, is an atypical type of pleural effusion in which there is an accumulation of fluid in the pleural cavity. It is a transient and well-demarcated accumulation of pleural fluid in the interlobar pulmonary fissures and is generally associated with congestive heart failure, hypoalbuminemia, renal failure, hepatic failure, pneumonia, and tuberculosis or pleuritis. In Coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19), pleural effusions are also considered uncommon, and they could reflect a more severe state of the condition. The correct diagnosis is important to prevent unnecessary and potentially harmful investigation and treatment. In this study, we reported a rare case of a pleural effusion appearing as a phantom tumor in COVID-19 without congestive heart failure. Case: A 29-year-old man was presented with complaints of dry cough, sore throat accompanied by fever, and fatigue. He denied shortness of breath and loss of taste and smell. He had no smoking habit and did not have any past medical history. Physical examinations were within normal limits, except for a slight fever. The laboratory examination showed positive SARS-CoV-2 RT-PCR and an increased liver function test. His chest X-ray revealed findings suggestive of a phantom tumor accompanied by bilateral pneumonia. The patient received COVID-19 treatments. A follow-up chest X-ray revealed the complete resolution of the lesion. Conclusion: A phantom tumor is a rare case. It is not only caused by heart disease but also by other causes, one of which is COVID-19. The treatment for this condition is based on the underlying disease.