Abstract
Phakopsora pachyrhizi is a rust fungus that causes Asian soybean rust disease. In the nonhost plant Arabidopsis thaliana penetrated epidermis cells initiate cell death associated with mRNA transcript accumulation of PDF1.2, a marker gene for defense against necrotrophic pathogens. PDF1.2 activation occurred after both inoculation of A. thaliana leaves with P. pachyrhizi spores and upon their treatment with spore germination fluid, suggesting PDF1.2 activation by secreted fungal effectors. These are likely (glyco)proteins. Together, P. pachyrhizi seems to feign a necrotroph pathogen during early stages of infection to circumvent plant defense to biotrophs.
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