Abstract
The unique physiochemical properties of nanomaterials have been widely used in drug delivery systems and diagnostic contrast agents. The safety issues of biomaterials with exceptional biocompatibility and hemo-compatibility have also received extensive attention at the nanoscale, especially in cardiovascular disease. Therefore, we conducted a study of the effects of poly (lactic-co-glycolic acid) nanoparticles (PLGA NPs) on the development of aortic atherosclerotic plaques in ApoE−/− mice. The particle size of PLGA NPs was 92.69 ± 3.1 nm and the zeta potential were − 31.6 ± 2.8 mV, with good blood compatibility. ApoE−/− mice were continuously injected with PLGA NPs intravenously for 4 and 12 weeks. Examination of oil red O stained aortic sinuses confirmed that the accumulation of PLGA NPs caused a significantly higher extension of atherosclerotic plaques and increasing the expression of associated inflammatory factors, such as TNF-α and IL-6. The combined exposure of ox-LDL and PLGA NPs accelerated the conversion of macrophages to foam cells. Our results highlight further understanding the interaction between PLGA NPs and the atherosclerotic plaques, which we should consider in future nanomaterial design and pay more attention to the process of using nano-medicines on cardiovascular diseases.
Highlights
Nanoparticles (NPs) are ultrafine particles with at least one dimension < 100 nm in size
Characterization and blood compatibility of PLGA NPs The dynamic light scattering (DLS) results showed that the diameters of PLGA and PLGA + protein corona (PC) in the water phase were 92.7 ± 3.1 nm and 123.8 ± 5.3 nm, respectively
We found that PLGA + PC is more likely to aggregate two or more than PLGA by SEM, which may be related to the formation of the plasma protein corona on its surface (Fig. 1a, b)
Summary
Nanoparticles (NPs) are ultrafine particles with at least one dimension < 100 nm in size. NPs possess physical properties, such as macroscopic quantum tunneling, nano size and surface effects, which make them desirable for applications in medicine, materials science and biology [1, 2]. NPs may accumulate within the human body through inhalation, ingestion, skin absorption, and injection [3, 4]. An accumulation of NPs in the lungs will result in passage through the alveolar epithelial cells or lymphatic system into the circulation to be redistributed throughout the body. Nanoparticles may have a significant impact on the cardiovascular system [6,7,8]. Studies have shown that atmospheric particulate matter, composed mainly of NPs, increases cardiovascular disease morbidity and mortality. The cardiovascular system is recognized as one of the important targets of nano-toxicity [9, 10]
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