Abstract
Vibrio alginolyticus and V. parahaemolyticus, the causative agents of Vibriosis in marine vertebrates and invertebrates, are also responsible for fatal illnesses such as gastroenteritis, septicemia, and necrotizing fasciitis in humans via the ingestion of contaminated seafood. Aquaculture farmers often rely on extensive prophylactic use of antibiotics in farmed fish to mitigate Vibrios and their biofilms. This has been postulated as being of serious concern in the escalation of antibiotic resistant Vibrios. For this reason, alternative strategies to combat aquaculture pathogens are in high demand. Bacteriophage-derived lytic enzymes and proteins are of interest to the scientific community as promising tools with which to diminish our dependency on antibiotics. Lysqdvp001 is the best-characterized endolysin with lytic activity against multiple species of Vibrios. Various homologues of Vibrio phage endolysins have also been studied for their antibacterial potential. These novel endolysins are the major focus of this mini review.
Highlights
Vibrio alginolyticus and V. parahaemolyticus, the normal inhabitants of estuarine and marine environments, are notable human enteropathogens associated with seafood-borne mortality and illness worldwide
V. alginolyticus is reported as the etiological agent of wound and ear infections, intracranial infection, peritonitis and osteomyelitis among many others [1,2,3], while V. parahaemolyticus causes bacterial gastroenteritis associated with the consumption of raw or undercooked seafood [4,5]
Function and Physiochemical Properties The endolysin Lysqdvp001 is derived from V. parahaemolyticus bacteriophage qdvp001, a lytic broad-spectrum phage belonging to Myoviridae family with genome length of 134,742-bp
Summary
Vibrio alginolyticus and V. parahaemolyticus, the normal inhabitants of estuarine and marine environments, are notable human enteropathogens associated with seafood-borne mortality and illness worldwide. Intensive aquaculture promotes the indiscriminate use of anti-microbials, thereby causing the dissemination of antimicrobial-resistant (AMR) bacteria and resistance genes in aquaculture products and the environment [6]. This global concern has necessitated the exploration of alternative therapies for bacterial pathogens in animal production, especially in aquaculture. Fluoroquinolones, a promising class of broad-spectrum antibiotics, are direct inhibitors of DNA synthesis They bind to the enzyme-DNA complex and stabilize DNA strand breaks created by the enzymes DNA gyrase and topoisomerase IV. In addition to the hike in treatment costs, antimicrobial resistance can lead to protracted hospital stays and escalations in morbidity and mortality rates [20]
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