Abstract
Biomaterial design relies on controlling interactions between materials and their biological environments to modulate the functions of proteins, cells, and tissues. Phage display is a powerful tool that can be used to discover peptide sequences with high affinity for a desired target. When incorporated into biomaterial design, peptides identified via phage display can functionalize material surfaces to control the interaction between a biomaterial and its local microenvironment. A targeting peptide has high specificity for a given target, allowing for homing a specific protein, cell, tissue, or other material to a biomaterial. A functional peptide has an affinity for a given protein, cell, or tissue, but also modulates its target’s activity upon binding. Biomaterials can be further enhanced using a combination of targeting and/or functional peptides to create dual-functional peptides for bridging two targets or modulating the behavior of a specific protein or cell. This review will examine current and future applications of phage display for the augmentation of biomaterials.
Highlights
Phage display is a selection technique used to identify amino acid sequences based on their affinity for a given substrate
This review aims to show the potential for the use of peptides identified via phage display in biomaterial engineering
Phage display can be used to identify peptides that are naturally internalized by cells or have distinct intracellular targets, both of which are key for expanding the identification of functional peptides for biomaterials
Summary
Phage display is a selection technique used to identify amino acid sequences based on their affinity for a given substrate. Phage display aids in the discovery of peptides with high affinity and specificity for a target, which can be used to guide interactions between the biomaterial and its environment. Functional molecules can elicit specific cellular behaviors upon interaction with the designed biomaterial. Targeting molecules can improve homing of biomaterials to specific cell types or add biological cues to a material that cells are unable to recognize. Combining a functional molecule and targeting molecule within a biomaterial can elicit a desired behavior from a specific cell type or cell subpopulation. Combining two targeting molecules within a biomaterial can bridge two materials or recruit a specific cell type to a given material. The reader should come away with an understanding of how phage display identifies previously unknown peptides with targeting or functional capabilities that can be used to augment and customize biomaterials for a vast array of biomedical applications
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