Abstract
BackgroundTo assess the value of peptidoglycan recognition protein 2 (PGLYRP2) in assessing the disease activity and lipid metabolism in patients with systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE).MethodsSLE patients with stable disease (n = 15), active lupus nephritis (LN) (n = 15) and neuropsychiatric systemic lupus erythematosus (NP-SLE) (n = 15) admitted to Northern Jiangsu People’s Hospital (Jiangsu, China) in 2019–2020 were recruited. In addition, volunteers with matched age and sex (n = 15) were enrolled as controls. The level of PGLYRP2 in the serum and its expression in peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMCs) were measured. The link between PGLYRP2 level and clinical parameters (including lipid profile) was described.ResultsSerum PGLYRP2 level in SLE cases exceeded that in healthy volunteers (3938.56 ± 576.07 pg/mL), and significantly higher in active LN (5152.93 ± 446.13 pg/mL) and NP-SLE patients (5141.52 ± 579.61 pg/mL). As shown by quantitative real-time PCR results, the expression of PGLYRP2 in PBMCs of SLE patients with active LN and NP-SLE surpassed that in healthy volunteers (P < 0.01). Receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curves demonstrated that PGLYRP2 was capable of distinguishing stable SLE from active LN (AUC = 0.841, 95%CI = 0.722–0.960, P = 0.000). PGLYRP2 level positively correlated with SLEDAI of SLE patients (r = 0.5783, P < 0.01). Moreover, its level varied with serological and renal function parameters (complement 3, complement 4, estimated glomerular filtration rate and 24-h urine protein) and immunoglobulin A (IgA) of SLE. A potential correlation between PGLYRP2 level and lipid profile (HLD-c, Apo-A1 and Apo B/A1) was determined in SLE patients. The linear regression analysis indicated SLEDAI as an independent factor of PGLYRP2 level, with a positive correlation in between (P < 0.05).ConclusionsSerum PGLYRP2 level significantly increases in SLE patients, and is positively correlated to SLEDAI. Moreover, serum PGLYRP2 level is correlated with renal damage parameters and the abnormal lipid profile of SLE. PGLYRP2 could be used to predict SLE activity, dyslipidemia and cardiovascular disease risks in SLE patients.
Highlights
Systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE) features lupus nephritis (LN) [1]
Serum peptidoglycan recognition protein 2 (PGLYRP2) was higher in active LN patients than in stable systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE) patients, but showing no significant difference between active LN and neuropsychiatric systemic lupus erythematosus (NP-SLE) cases (P > 0.05)
Serum level of PGLYRP2 was significantly correlated to Systemic Lupus Erythematosus Disease Activity Index 2000 (SLEDAI), complement 3 (C3) and complement 4 (C4) in SLE patients, it was not correlated to anti-nuclear antibody (ANA) and anti-dsDNA antibodies
Summary
The clinical application of conventional indexes for assessing SLE, like anti-dsDNA antibody, complement 3 (C3), complement 4 (C4), is limited by their unsatisfactory sensitivities and specificities. Novel biomarkers with high efficacy and accuracy are urgently required for clinical assessment of SLE, especially for the disease activity and organ involvement of SLE. Peptidoglycan recognition protein 2 (PGLYRP2) is an innate immune pattern recognition receptor expressed in the liver. No studies have described the profile of PGLYRP2 in the case of SLE. This study aimed to examine serum PGLYRP2 level in SLE cases, and explore its link with disease activity and clinical indexes. PGLYRP2 may be a promising biomarker for predicting the prognosis of SLE. To assess the value of peptidoglycan recognition protein 2 (PGLYRP2) in assessing the disease activity and lipid metabolism in patients with systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE)
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