PG-1 Compromised growth among HIV exposed compared to unexposed children in Nigeria

Abstract

Introduction: HIV exposed but uninfected (HEU) children may be at an increased risk of impaired growth and development when compared to their unexposed and uninfected (HUU) counterparts. We compared growth pattern between HEU and HUU children in Nigeria. Methods: HIV infected and uninfected pregnant women were enrolled at the Plateau State Specialist Hospital (PSSH) Jos Nigeria. Babies born to these mothers were recruited at birth and the mother-infant pairs followed up until 18 months. Weight, length, and head circumference of the babies were measured at each study visit. Age and gender standardized z scores were generated for each anthropometric measure using the World Health Organization Child Growth Standards. Children with length for age (LAZ), weight for age (WAZ) and weight for length (WLZ) z scores <−2 were classified as stunted, underweight, and wasted respectively. Results: A total of 415 children (307 HEU and 108 HUU) were included in this analysis. At birth, 117 (28.4%), 9 (2.2%) and 32 (7.8%) babies were stunted, underweight and wasted respectively. In a multivariable longitudinal analysis, the odds of stunting was higher among HEU as compared to HUU children (OR: 2.4 [95% CI: 1.4 to 4.1]; P = 0.001). Similarly, odds of being underweight was higher among the HEU children (OR: 1.6 [95% CI: 1.1 to 2.2]; P = 0.009). While the odds of wasting appeared higher for the HEU children (OR: 1.5 [95% CI: 0.9 to 2.4]; P = 0.128), the difference did not reach statistical significance. Conclusions: We found strong evidence of greater impairment of linear and ponderal growth among HEU as compared to HUU children during the first 18 months of life in Nigeria. Further studies are needed to explore the causal basis for these differences.