Petrology of Palaeoarchaean mafic–ultramafic rock suites of the western Iron Ore Group, Singhbhum Craton, eastern India, using the chemistry of minerals

Abstract

AbstractThe petrogenesis of Palaeoarchaean mafic–ultramafic rock suites from the western Iron Ore Group, Singhbhum Craton, eastern India, has been evaluated based on the chemistry of constituent mineral phases. The rock suites include basaltic rocks and mafic (gabbro) to ultramafic (serpentinized peridotite) intrusive rocks, which occur in host rocks covering phyllite, ferruginous shale, banded haematite quartzite and jasper. The constituent clinopyroxene shows dominant uralitization, whereas plagioclase grains are generally saussuritized, being marked by relatively tiny granular aggregates of albite, chlorite, epidote and K-feldspar. The ultramafic intrusive rocks are overwhelmingly serpentinized. Clinopyroxene compositions are augitic, whereas relict plagioclase is typically bytownite. Amphiboles of the investigated rock suites are divisible into the ‘uralite’ type (occurring peripherally to clinopyroxene) and the ‘completely changed-over amphibole’ type (with no traces of initial clinopyroxene). Both the amphibole types belong to the ‘calcic group’, showing a compositional spectrum from actinolite–magnesiohornblende–ferrohornblende–ferroactinolite. Opaque minerals include magnetite (both Cr-magnetite and Al-magnetite), chromite (Al-chromite) and ilmenite, whereas serpentine (belonging to the ultramafic intrusive rocks) corresponds to lizardite. Looking at the mineral compositions of the pyroxene, glass and amphibole, the studied rock suites show a wide equilibration temperature–pressure domain range (∼750 °C to ∼1400 °C at ∼0.26 kbar to ∼21 kbar), which corresponds to an ascending magma that underwent a ‘hydration event’ at a shallow level. The assessment of the clinopyroxene and spinel chemistry characteristically suggests an arc setting for the parent magma that has undergone both equilibrium and fractional crystallization in the course of magmatic evolution. During differentiation, the magmatic density remains almost constant, with variable oxygen fugacity.