Abstract
The distribution of major, minor and trace elements in the Cenozoic alkali basalt from north-eastern Jordan indicates a homogeneous lava flow from a mantle source. These basaltic rocks contain abundant upper mantle xenoliths (spinal lherzolite, harzburgile and olivine- websterite). Theses xenoliths contain olivine, orthopyroxne, clinoporoxene and a few amounts of spinal. Their mineral assemblages, chemistry, texture and major elements abundances indicate they were derived and equilibrated under upper mantle conditions within temperature range for 970-1090°C. Pressure estimates based on the spinal lherzolite stability field restrict the xenoliths source depth to around 65 km. The concentrations of incompatible trace elements (Ba, Rb and Sr.) imply a derivation from ultramafic predictive source from the upper mantle with low degree of melting (
Highlights
The Tertiary-Quaternary basaltic plateau of northeast Jordan is part of the large intra-continental volcanic province of Harrat Al-Shaam, which covers an area of about 45.000 km2 and extends continuously in a NWSE trend from the southern rim of Damascus basin in Syria across Jordan into the north western parts of Saudi Arabia
In Jordan the volcanic province covers an area of 11414 km2, which occur along the Jordanian rift, mountains in central Jordan and in north eastern Jordan[1]
The volcanoes contain abundant upper mantle nodules with composition of harzburgite, olivine westernize and spinal lherzolite.Mantle xenoliths are found in both pyroclastic material and Cenozoic basalt of Jordan, are analogous to worldwide occurrences[4,5,6]
Summary
The Tertiary-Quaternary basaltic plateau of northeast Jordan is part of the large intra-continental volcanic province of Harrat Al-Shaam, which covers an area of about 45.000 km2 and extends continuously in a NWSE trend from the southern rim of Damascus basin in Syria across Jordan into the north western parts of Saudi Arabia. The volcanoes contain abundant upper mantle nodules with composition of harzburgite, olivine westernize and spinal lherzolite.Mantle xenoliths are found in both pyroclastic material and Cenozoic basalt of Jordan, are analogous to worldwide occurrences[4,5,6] . In Jordan different varieties of xenoliths are reported by El-Sharkawi[7], Nasir and Al-Fugha[8] and Al-Fugha[9].
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