Petrology and Geochemistry of Adakitic Dacites and High-MgO Andesites, and Related Calc-alkaline Dacites from the Miocene Okoppe Volcanic Field, N Hokkaido, Japan

Abstract

In the Okoppe area of North Hokkaido, Japan, the eruption of adakitic and calc-alkaline dacites was followed by high-Mg andesite (HMA) and calc-alkaline dacite during the Middle Miocene (12–10 Ma). Adakitic dacite is characterized by high Sr/Y and low Y, with Sr and Nd isotopic compositions identical to those of mid-ocean ridge basalt. It has higher MgO contents than adakites generated by experimental melting of metabasalt and amphibolite, and higher Ni and Cr contents than either Archean trondhjemite–tonalite–granodiorite or Early Cretaceous adakitic granites, which are considered to represent partial melts of subducted oceanic crust. This provides compelling evidence that adakitic dacite magma from Okoppe resulted from interaction of a melt derived from subducted oceanic basaltic crust and the overlying mantle wedge peridotite, with little modification to the adakitic melt signature and Sr and Nd isotopic values. The compositional variations in the Toyono adakitic dacite and associated calc-alkaline dacite probably resulted from mixing of the reacted magma and an evolved silicic dacite magma formed by fractional crystallization of the reacted magma. A disequilibrium phenocryst assemblage in the HMA may result from mixing of boninite and silicic andesite that resulted from crustal melting. Calc-alkaline dacites associated with the HMA were derived by fractional crystallization of silicic andesite and assimilation of crust with an enriched Sr isotopic signature. The most likely tectono-magmatic model for the production of adakitic dacite and HMA involves upwelling of hot asthenosphere into the subcontinental lithosphere beneath North Hokkaido and the back-arc side of the NE Japan arc, coincident with the spreading of the Kurile back-arc basin and Japan Sea back-arc basin. This resulted in a high geothermal gradient in the mantle wedge beneath North Hokkaido. The subsequent melting of a limited part of the cool oceanic crust subducting beneath Hokkaido produced adakitic magmas, which interacted with the overlying mantle wedge peridotite. These magmas subsequently reacted with an evolved calc-alkaline melt en route to the surface. Boninitic magma derived from the ascending hot asthenosphere in part reacted with crust-derived silicic andesitic magma, undergoing simultaneous fractional crystallization.