Abstract
In this study, it is reported an analytical approach to recover organochlorine pesticides from a clay soil. Soil was physical and chemically characterized. Also pesticides extraction was carried out using packed columns and various aqueous media (H2O-milliQ, NaOH, HCl, SDS, Triton X-114, Humic acids and Acetonitrile). The leachate samples were analyzed on an Agilent Technologies 6890N Gas Chromatograph with electron capture in a# AB002 Column 30.0 m × 250 μm × 0.25 μm calibrated, 25 psi pressure, flow 2.9 ml/min, temperature 25°C, ultra-high purity Helium as the entrainment gas and an elution time of 50 min. The results show that the highest extraction percentage of pollutants in the soil washing was obtained with acetonitrile recovering: p, p’-DDT (91.0%); p, p’-DDE (92.0%); p, p’-DDD (96.0%); aldrin (98.6%); dieldrin (98.0%). With Triton X-114, the extractions recovery was: p, p’-DDT (63.0%); p, p’-DDE (64.0%); p, p’-DDD (65.0%); aldrin (67.0%); dieldrin (72.0%). This study illustrates the potential Applicability of SPME for routine analysis of organochlorine pesticides in soils.
Highlights
IntroductionThe characteristics of pesticides, such as high lipophilicity, bioaccumulation, long half-life and potential of long range transport, have increased the chances of contaminating the air, water and soil, even after many years of application [3]
In Mexico, approximately 4.55 tons of pesticides
A new approach using surfactants as Triton X-114, sodium dodecyl sulfate (SDS) and CTAB aided soil washing process to improve the performance of adsorption/desorption of atrazine in soil clays resulting a 95.0% of atrazine desorption with nonionic surfactant [17]
Summary
The characteristics of pesticides, such as high lipophilicity, bioaccumulation, long half-life and potential of long range transport, have increased the chances of contaminating the air, water and soil, even after many years of application [3]. They are persistent, estrogenic, carcinogenic [4], and able to bio-accumulate and bio-magnify through the biological chain [5]. It has been shown that equilibrium of organochlorine compounds between sorbent particles and water can last on the order of years [7] This suggests that sorption of pesticides occurs with only a limited degree of reversibility depending upon both the chemical itself (e.g. its structure and solubility) and the soil properties involved (e.g. texture and soil physico-chemical parameters) [8]. A new approach using surfactants as Triton X-114, SDS and CTAB aided soil washing process to improve the performance of adsorption/desorption of atrazine in soil clays resulting a 95.0% of atrazine desorption with nonionic surfactant [17]
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