Abstract
Although pesticides have a positive effect on plant health in terms of insect pests and diseases control, increased productivity and improved crop storage, their malpractice impacts on food safety ...
Highlights
Pesticide refers to any substance purposely released into the environment for preventing, destroying, repelling, attracting or controlling any pest, including unwanted species of plant or animals (FAO, & World Health Organization (WHO), 1997; Yamada, 2017)
Pesticides include substances used as plant growth regulators, defoliator, desiccant, fruit thinning agents, sprouting inhibitors and substances applied to crops either before or after harvest to protect them from deterioration during transport and storage (FAO, & WHO, 1997)
Pesticides control and regulations in developed countries In the United State of America (USA), pesticides safety is shared by the Environmental Protection Agency (EPA), which enforces pesticides registration, regulations and establishes maximum residue limits (MRLs) in food and feeds; the US Department of Agriculture enforces MRLs in poultry and meat commodities; the Food and Drug Administration (FDA) enforces MRLs for plant commodities, fish, dairy products and processed food; the Occupational Safety and Health Administration ensures the safety of workers, working with pesticides such as farm workers; and the Fish and Wildlife Service and the National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration oversee the administration of the endangered species (Ambrus & Hamilton, 2017)
Summary
Pesticide refers to any substance purposely released into the environment for preventing, destroying, repelling, attracting or controlling any pest, including unwanted species of plant or animals (FAO, & WHO, 1997; Yamada, 2017). The Codex Alimentarius Commission (Codex) and Joint Meeting of the Food and Agriculture Organization of the United Nations (FAO) Panel of Experts on Pesticide Residues in Food and Environment and the World Health Organization (WHO) Core Assessment Group on Pesticide Residues (JMPR) have attempted to set, review and harmonize pesticide MRLs, globally these limits remain variable (Hamilton, Yoshida, Wolterink, & Solecki, 2017; Yamada, 2017; Yeung, Kerr, Coomber, Lantz, & McConnell, 2017).
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