Abstract
Pests are considered a major problem in agriculture as they cause a various degree of losses. The use of synthetic pesticides to control these pests has resulted in pest resurgences, pest resistance, environmental degradation and lethal effect to non-target organisms in the agro-ecosystems. To minimize or replace the use of synthetic pesticides, botanical pesticides are important alternatives. They possess a toxic effect against pest including repellent, antifeedant and antibiosis effect against insect growth. In Nepal, among 5,345 species of flowering plants, 324 species have pesticidal properties. Some of the botanicals like Neem, Tobacco, Sweet flag, Garlic, Mint, Ginger, Artemisia, Sichuan pepper, Adhatoda, Basil, Drum-stick, Jatropha, Polygonum, Lantana, Chinaberry etc are widely used in pest management and many types of research have been done to explore the potential of these botanicals. This study aims to review the insecticidal potential of these important ethnobotanical plants. The biopesticides made from these botanicals were found to be effective against various pests. However, efficacy was found to be variable and often lower than that of synthetic pesticides.
Highlights
Nepal’s agriculture sector is the most significant contributor to National GDP, engaging 2/3rd of its total population
Most pesticides used in Nepal are imported from India, some from China and Japan, and other countries based on registration
The negative impacts of synthetic pyrethroids and increasing pesticide resistance have increased the interest in alternative control methods, with emphasis being placed on botanical pesticides and biological control
Summary
Nepal’s agriculture sector is the most significant contributor to National GDP, engaging 2/3rd of its total population. The application of pesticides has rapidly increased for control of pests in agriculture after their introduction in Nepal in the early sixties. Reliable, and easy to use and have a high and instant effect against pests. These chemicals control the target pests and control other non-target organisms (parasitoids, predators, plant pollinators, soil microorganisms, aquatic organisms, etc.) and wild animals. The growers don’t follow the certified waiting periods (time between the last application of pesticide and harvest of a crop) for several pesticides on vegetable crops (Shrestha & Neupane, 2002) They can create hormonal imbalance and have high and acute residual toxicity (Pretty, 2012). The specific objectives of this study is to access the effectiveness of those ethnobotanicals against various pests
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