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Abstract
Eight outbreaks of peste des petits ruminants in sheep and goats were reported in White Nile State, Sudan, between 2008 and 2009. A mortality rate of 4.2% was reported across the different outbreaks. Clinically the disease was characterised by high fever, ocular and nasal discharge, pneumonia, ulceration of the mucous membranes, diarrhoea and death. The post-mortem findings included necrotic lesions in the mouth and gastrointestinal tract, and swollen, oedematous lymph nodes associated with the lungs and intestine. Of the 209 serum samples tested by competitive enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay, 113 (54%) were found positive. Peste des petits ruminants virus was confirmed in tissues, nasal swabs and blood samples by immunocapture enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay, reverse-transcription polymerase chain reaction and isolation of the virus in culture of lamb testicle cells.
Highlights
Peste des petits ruminants (PPR) is an acute, highly contagious viral disease of sheep and goats (Diallo et al 2007; Kwiatek et al 2007)
Lower mortality is common in endemic areas (Roeder & Obi 1999), whereas higher mortality is generally observed when PPR virus (PPRV) infection is associated with other diseases, such as sheep and goat pox (Dhar et al 2002)
Using immunocapture ELISA (IcELISA), PPRV antigen was detected in 11% of swab samples, 35% of tissue samples and 30% of whole-blood samples (Table 4)
Summary
Peste des petits ruminants (PPR) is an acute, highly contagious viral disease of sheep and goats (Diallo et al 2007; Kwiatek et al 2007). PPR is considered to be the main constraint to increasing sheep and goat production in countries where it is endemic and the most economically important viral disease of small ruminants where it occurs (Nanda et al 1996; Rossiter 2004). In Sudan, PPR was first reported by El Hag (1973) and since regular outbreaks have been reported, mainly in sheep and goats (Kwiatek et al 2011) It has not previously been confirmed in White Nile State. Over a period of 2 years (2008–2009), outbreaks of a fatal disease in sheep and goats were reported to veterinary authorities in White Nile State. In all areas where the disease was reported that were visited, animals were examined, clinical signs and mortality rates were recorded, and epidemiological data were collected. EL Jazera mosran Rabak Villages 1 El diwam villages EL Jazera Aba EL kawoa Joda Kosti villages
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