Abstract
Abstract The effectiveness and timing of foliar insecticides and insecticidal seed treatments were evaluated for pest management of the wheat stem maggot, Meromyza americana Fitch (Diptera: Chloropidae), and the wheat stem sawfly, Cephus cinctus Norton (Hymenoptera: Cephidae), in hard red spring wheat in North Dakota. Treatments included: 1) untreated check, 2) foliar application of lambda-cyhalothrin at the 4–6 leaf stage, 3) foliar application of lambda-cyhalothrin at the flag-leaf stage, 4) low rate of thiamethoxam seed treatment, 5) high rate of thiamethoxam seed treatment, and 6) low rate of thiamethoxam seed treatment plus a foliar application of lambda-cyhalothrin at the 4–6 leaf stage. A foliar application of lambda-cyhalothrin at either leaf stage significantly reduced the number of white heads caused by wheat stem maggot. The combination of a low rate of thiamethoxam seed treatment plus a foliar application of lambda-cyhalothrin at the 4–6 leaf stage also resulted in a significantly lower number...
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