Abstract
Pertussis was a major cause of morbidity and mortality among infants and children in the United States during the prevaccine era (i.e., before the mid-1940s). Following the introduction and widespread use of whole-cell pertussis vaccine combined with diphtheria and tetanus toxoids (DTP) among infants and children in the late 1940s, the incidence of reported pertussis declined to a historic low of 1,010 cases in 1976 (Figure 1). However, since the early 1980s, reported pertussis incidence has increased cyclically with peaks occurring every 3-4 years. In 1996, less reactogenic acellular pertussis vaccines (DTaP) were licensed and recommended for routine use among infants. This report summarizes national surveillance data for pertussis during 1997-2000 and assesses the effectiveness of pertussis vaccination in the United States during this period. The findings indicate that pertussis incidence continues to increase in infants too young to receive 3 doses of pertussis-containing vaccine and in adolescents and adults. Prevention efforts should be directed at maintaining high vaccination rates and managing pertussis cases and outbreaks.
Highlights
PERTUSSIS WAS A MAJOR CAUSE OF MORbidity and mortality among infants and children in the United States during the prevaccine era
Following the introduction and widespread use of whole-cell pertussis vaccine combined with diphtheria and tetanus toxoids (DTP) among infants and children in the late 1940s, the incidence of reported pertussis declined to a historic low of 1,010 cases in 1976 (Figure 1)
The findings indicate that pertussis incidence continues to increase in infants too young to receive 3 doses of pertussis-containing vaccine and in adolescents and adults
Summary
PERTUSSIS WAS A MAJOR CAUSE OF MORbidity and mortality among infants and children in the United States during the prevaccine era (i.e., before the mid1940s). Following the introduction and widespread use of whole-cell pertussis vaccine combined with diphtheria and tetanus toxoids (DTP) among infants and children in the late 1940s, the incidence of reported pertussis declined to a historic low of 1,010 cases in 1976 (Figure 1). Since the early 1980s, reported pertussis incidence has increased cyclically with peaks occurring every 3-4 years.[1] In. 1996, less reactogenic acellular pertussis vaccines (DTaP) were licensed and recommended for routine use among infants.[2] This report summarizes national surveillance data for pertussis during 1997-2000 and assesses the effectiveness of pertussis vaccination in the United States during this period. State health departments report weekly to CDC the number of pertussis cases, including demographic information, through the National Electronic Transmittal System for Surveillance. More detailed information about persons with pertussis, including clinical characteristics and vaccination history, is reported to CDC through the
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