Abstract
The flow of water can provide a very effective means for the transfer of heat. Closely-spaced (≈- 3 m) temperature measurements in boreholes drilled into crystalline rock bodies have revealed the thermal effects of water flow that in extreme cases seriously disturb the purely conductive temperature gradient. Such flows appear to be widespread in and between fractures in what are otherwise impermeable rock bodies. In the typical heat-flux determination, the vertical and horizontal spacing of temperature measurements might be insufficient to indicate localised water flows. Small flows can, however, produce a significant error in measurement of conductive heat-flux. It is recommended that boreholes should be logged at no more than 5 m intervals over their entire length, and that ideally several holes, with a horizontal separation similar to the average hole depth, should be logged, in order that the thermal effects of water flow can be recognized.
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