Abstract
The lipidome of the liver and the secreted circulating lipoproteins can now be interrogated conveniently by automated mass spectrometric methods. Multivariate analysis of the liver and serum lipid composition in various animal modes or in human patients has pointed to specific molecular species markers. The perturbations of lipid metabolism can be categorized on the basis of three basic pathological mechanisms: (1) an accelerated rate of de novo lipogenesis; (2) perturbation of the peroxisome pathway of ether-lipid and very-long-chain fatty acid biosynthesis; (3) a change in the rate of interconversion of essential omega-3 and -6 polyunsaturated fatty acids. This review provides examples to illustrate the practicalities of lipidomic studies in biomedicine.
Highlights
Biological tissues are comprised of different proteins, lipids and carbohydrates in varieties and relative proportions that are required to sustain the functional living state
The sources of fatty acids stored in liver and secreted via lipoproteins in patients with nonalcoholic fatty liver disease has been established from isotope studies [6]
The practical aspects of performing a lipidomic analysis has been reviewed elsewhere [38,39] and we will concentrate on data reduction, analysis and presentation
Summary
Biological tissues are comprised of different proteins, lipids and carbohydrates in varieties and relative proportions that are required to sustain the functional living state. A method, referred to as shotgun lipidomics, when applied to the infusion of whole tissue lipid extracts, generates molecular ions without extensive fragmentation of the molecules. Implementing fragmentation of parent lipid ions and high mass resolution filtering in the mass spectral equipment available for clinical laboratories explains the development of lipidomics for clinical studies This development in conjunction with more sophisticated sample handling methods, data reduction and analysis means that the entire lipidome can be revealed rapidly in medical samples of ever diminishing size. Apart from improvements in spectrometric techniques the major challenges remaining in the lipidome field are in the processing, analysis and presentation of the enormous volume of data generated by contemporary mass spectrometric analysis This is an essential step in unraveling the factors responsible for regulating lipid metabolism and is key to their use for clinical medicine. The utility of the method will be discussed in the context of its biomedical applications
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