Abstract
Layered metal oxides with high nickel content are commonly used cathode materials in commercial lithium ion batteries due to high capacity and lower cost resulting from higher nickel content and lower cobalt content. Cathodes with increased nickel content suffer from rapid capacity fade due to a combination of thickening of the anode solid electrolyte interphase (SEI) and impedance growth on the cathode after extended cycling. While transition metal catalyzed degradation of the anode SEI has been widely proposed as a primary source of capacity loss, we propose that a related acid induced degradation of the anode SEI also occurs.
Highlights
OPEN ACCESSTo cite this article: Satu Kristiina Heiskanen et al 2020 J
While the transition metal content in the anode SEI correlates with capacity loss for some NMC cathodes cycled to high potential and NMC cathodes containing high nickel content, it is unclear if the presence of the transition metal is the primary source of capacity loss, or a coincidence
NMC particle cracking or NMC phase transitions appear to be the primary source of cathode impedance increases as opposed to the formation of the cathode electrolyte interphase
Summary
To cite this article: Satu Kristiina Heiskanen et al 2020 J. We wish to acknowledge that there are other aspects of the cathode material which contribute to performance fade which will not be covered in this perspective; these include problems with lithium-nickel cation mixing in NMC materials with high nickel content and increased particle cracking and related increased surface area of cathode particles upon prolonged cycling. These topics have been recently reviewed and we direct the readers to the following Refs. These topics have been recently reviewed and we direct the readers to the following Refs. 2, 3
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