Perspectives on the cardioprotective, neuroprotective and anti-obesity functions of coconut (Cocos nucifera L.)

Abstract

Widely acclaimed as the "tree of life," the coconut is intrinsically woven into human culture as a source of food, shelter, and medicine. Coconut oil and its derivatives have found diverse applications in both food and industry. Of late, the consumption of coconut in the form of oil and its derivatives has been proven to be beneficial. Taking into account the most recent clinical evidences, an attempt was made to present a concise review of the cardioprotective, neuroprotective, and anti-obesity effects of coconut and its derivatives. Our analysis reveals that research evidence supports the cardioprotective and neuroprotective effects of coconut. Numerous clinical trials have proven the anti-obesity and hypoglycemic effects of coconut oil and products. High contents of myocardial anti-oxidants, and differential metabolism of medium chain fatty acids (MCFAs) provide cardioprotective effects. The ketogenic effect of coconut derived products confers neuroprotective measures and enhanced energy expenditure in the metabolism of MCFAs and polyphenolic anti-oxidants are suggested to offer anti-obesity effects. Nevertheless, further research with more randomized, controlled, large clinical trials that evaluate the optimal dosage and side effects, if any, are warranted. Based on this comprehensive review, it is understood that MCFAs are the key component, apart from the phytochemicals such as polyphenols, tocopherols, and other antioxidants that accord these health benefits. Overall, the health benefits of coconut and its derivatives are perceptible, though there is a need for long-term clinical trials. Also a shift of research focus from coconut fatty acids and oil to other phytochemicals and to design appropriate clinical and epidemiological studies to discover coconut biomolecules of health importance is warranted.