Perspectives on Functional Red Mold Rice: Functional Ingredients, Production, and Application.

Feng Yanli,Yu Xiang

doi:10.3389/fmicb.2020.606959

Abstract

Monacolin K (MK) is a secondary metabolite of the Monascus species that can inhibit cholesterol synthesis. Functional red mold rice (FRMR) is the fermentation product of Monascus spp., which is rich in MK. FRMR is usually employed to regulate serum cholesterol, especially for hypercholesterolemic patients who refuse statins or face statin intolerance. The present perspective summarized the bioactive components of FRMR and their functions. Subsequently, efficient strategies for FRMR production, future challenges of FRMR application, and possible directions were proposed. This perspective helps to understand the present situation and developmental prospects of FRMR.

Highlights

Red mold rice (RMR), called red koji or red yeast rice is the fermentation product of Monascus spp. (Farkouh and Baumgärtel, 2019)
We focus on the MLs in Functional red mold rice (FRMR) and their differences with lovastatin; strategies for efficient production of FRMR, the current situation of FRMR application, and the corresponding future directions for a wide application were proposed
The Standard for Chinese Medicine Yinpian Processing of Zhejiang Provine (2015) indicated that the total of Monacolin K (MK) lactone and acid in FRMR should be more than 0.3%, and the peak area of acid MK must not be less than 5% of the lactone MK peak area

Summary

INTRODUCTION

Red mold rice (RMR), called red koji or red yeast rice is the fermentation product of Monascus spp. (Farkouh and Baumgärtel, 2019). Monacolin X is known to attenuate the cell proliferation, migration, and ROS stressmediated apoptosis in breast cancer cells, which provides a scope for the functional research of MLs (Nagabhishek and Madankumar, 2019) Another important function of FRMR is its strong antioxidant effect, which needs to be taken into consideration (Lee et al, 2009; Mohan-Kumari et al, 2011). Novel substrates have been used for Monascus fermentation to enrich the types and functions of FRMR, for instance, soybean flour, finger millet, and Thai glutinous rice (Chairote et al, 2010; Venkateswaran and Vijayalakshmi, 2010; Feng et al, 2014; Table 1). M. purpureus M. purpureus NTU 301 M. pilosus MS-1 M. purpureus KCCM 60168 M. pilosus K-1140 M. sanguineus

CONCLUSION

Findings

DATA AVAILABILITY STATEMENT