Abstract
The chronology of COVID-19 infections shows us that the first cases were reported in December 2019. A number of patients were admitted to hospitals with a respiratory disease of an unknown etiology in Wuhan, Hubei Province, China. The patients presented symptoms such as coughing, persistent fever, sore throat and pneumonia. The respiratory infection situation got worse rapidly and had a very fast spread. Soon after, it was reported that the causing agent of the disease had been confirmed as the novel Coronavirus (SARS-CoV-2), which belongs to the subfamily Orthocoronavirinae, of the family Coronaviridae in the order Nidovirales. On January 7, 2020, the disease was named as Coronavirus Disease 2019 (COVID-19) by the World Health Organization (WHO). Chloroquine (CQ), Hydroxychloroquine (HCQ), Remdesivir, Heparin, Convalescent Plasma, Corticosteroid, Anticoagulants, Lopinavir, Ritonavir, Ivermectin and Nitazoxanide are some of the drugs on the market that are being tested to combat COVID-19. The purpose of this literature review is to analyze studies regarding the healing potential of these drugs for COVID-19. Some researchers about the effectiveness of these medications, the success rate on viral diseases and its action potential by different mechanisms. Thus, given the researches analyzed in this study, it was evident for most authors that these drugs are promising treatments for COVID-19, while the vaccine is not manufactured and available.
Highlights
In the province of Wuhan, in China, on December 31, 2019, patients were diagnosed with a respiratory disease without defined etiology
‒Therapy associated to convalescent plasma in patients with SARS proved to be more favorable when compared to patients who used drugs like Ribavirin steroids in high dosages
The results showed that LPV/r and arbidol did not shorten the time of positive-to-negative conversion of COVID-19 nucleic acid in respiratory specimens (9.0 vs. 9.1 vs. 9.3 days), nor did they improve the symptoms of COVID-19 or pneumonia on lung CT imaging at 7 days and 14 days
Summary
In the province of Wuhan, in China, on December 31, 2019, patients were diagnosed with a respiratory disease without defined etiology. These patients presented symptoms such as coughing, persistent fever, sore throat, diarrhea and dyspnea that soon triggered pneumonia The respiratory infection situation worsened rapidly, there was a very rapid spread, and computerized tomography tests showed diffuse bilateral alterations(Shi et al, 2020). The RNA of the SARS-CoV virus and SARSCoV-2 showed high similarity with the RNA genes of the Ebola virus (Shen et al, 2019). Studies on antivirals were intensified to test their effectiveness against COVID-19 and their level of toxicity for patients
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