Perspectives of Growth of Economic Security by Clustering of Small Innovation Enterprises

Abstract

1. Introduction The interest in clustering, observed over the recent years, is primarily caused by guess that cluster structures allow achieving quick strengthening of innovational component of economy. Probably, the clusters' refusal from rigid control, peculiar for holdings and similar structures, will allow increasing the activity of agents-innovators (authors of innovational ideas), adaptability, and sensitivity of agents-imitators (which implement innovational ideas) and reactivity of agents-facilitators (which provide this process with finances and other resources). Economic authorities and business have certain hopes for the increase of competitiveness of economy with activization of structural and integration processes on the basis of cluster approach. This research offers a hypothesis that clustering stipulates the creation of innovations and facilitates the increase of economic security. The article is devoted to the verification of this hypothesis and development of recommendations as to increasing the efficiency of clustering. 2. Materials and Methods Economic is an essential part of security. The notion of national security is peculiar for the second half of the XX century under the conditions of post-industrial development of society; it entered the life of modern society and state in many countries of the world and became an essential part of their internal and external policy. International aspects of provision of economic have a special importance for development of relations between industrially developed and developing countries. Economic is a material base of security. It is a guarantee of sustainable and stable development of country and of its independence. Let us view criteria, indicators, and threshold values for economic security. Criterion of economic is the evaluation of the state of economy from the position of the most important processes which reflect the sense of economic security. Criterial evaluation of economic includes the evaluations of (Ainabek, 2013): * resource potential and possibilities for its development; * level of efficiency of resources use; * competitiveness of economy and economic subjects; * integrity of territories and economic space; * state sovereignty and independence; * criminalization of economy Indicators of economic are quantitative and qualitative characteristics of the state of economy, determining the level of its protection from internal and external threats and allowing signaling about growing threats and imminent danger after exceeding their maximum allowable and threshold values (Antropova et al., 2015). The system of indicators of economic includes: level and quality of life; inflation rate; unemployment rate; debt; deficit of state budget; economic growth; level of direct and net foreign investments; criminalization of economy; volume of gold and currency reserves. An integral indicator of economic is competitiveness of economy. This research offers to use the following methodology of evaluation of economic (Table 1). As is seen from Table 1, even some of the most successful developing countries are characterized by low level of economic security--on the average, 45 out of 100 points. That's why there is a necessity for the search for perspectives of increasing economic security. 3. Results Scientific and technical progress determines the quality of economic growth at current stage of social development, leading to restructuring of economic system and bringing innovational forms of organization of social reproduction--i.e., regional & sectorial clusters--to top-priority positions. Tendencies of grouping and consolidation of capital may lead and do lead to activization of the processes of enterprises integration. …