Abstract
Macrofungi (mushrooms) have widely been appreciated all over the world for their nutritional values and medicinal properties. They have been used in traditional medicine for more than 3000 years for prevention and treatment of different diseases. Modern scientific research shows that mushrooms are producers of a broad spectrum of high- and low-molecular-weight bioactive compounds, i.e., alkaloids, polysaccharides, proteins, phenolics, terpenoids, polyketides, cyclic peptides, lectins and ribosome-inactivating proteins. They have various therapeutic effects as antidiabetic, anti-inflammatory, antimicrobial, antioxidant, anti-tumorous, antiviral, cardioprotective, hepatoprotective, hypocholesterolemic, hypotensive, immunomodulatory, neuroprotective and regenerative, and possess promising pharmacological potential. Development of fungal biotechnological cultivation industry will support production of mushroom-derived biotech products, healthy food and mycopharmaceuticals pharmaceuticals. Further advances in fungal biology and biotechnology, genomics and proteomics will assist biomedical research and application of macrofungi.
Highlights
Fungi are very diverse organisms distributed worldwide and found in almost all habitats
Modern scientific data shows that agaricoid, polyporoid, and other taxonomic groups of Macrofungi are producers of a broad spectrum of high- and low-molecular-weight bioactive compounds (BAC), i.e., alkaloids, polysaccharides, proteins, phenolics, terpenoids, polyketides, cyclic peptides, lectins, ribosomeinactivating proteins [21,22,23,24,25,26,27]. These BAC means Bioactive Compounds were investigated for their various therapeutic effects as analgesic, antimicrobial, antiviral, antioxidant, immunomodulatory, anti-inflammatory, antitumor, mitogenic/ regenerative, hypotensive, hepatoprotective, antidiabetic/ hypoglycemic, hypocholesterolemic, cardio- and neuroprotective activities [28,29,30,31,32,33,34,35,36,37,38,39,40,41,42,43,44,45]
The Ganoderma species produce the highest diversity of bioactive compounds with antiaging, antibacterial, anticancer, antidiabetic, antifungal, antihypertensive, anti-inflammatory, antioxidant, antiviral, hepatoprotective, hypoglycemic, immunomodulatory, neuroprotective, wound-healing, and other pharmacological effects [22,23,32,33,34,41,42]
Summary
Fungi are very diverse organisms distributed worldwide and found in almost all habitats. Modern scientific data shows that agaricoid, polyporoid, and other taxonomic groups of Macrofungi are producers of a broad spectrum of high- and low-molecular-weight bioactive compounds (BAC), i.e., alkaloids, polysaccharides, proteins, phenolics, terpenoids, polyketides, cyclic peptides, lectins, ribosomeinactivating proteins [21,22,23,24,25,26,27].
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